Go on. Dive right in! 

St. Paul’s School structures its curriculum to not only provide core coursework but also to support a student’s sense of discovery by encouraging them to try new things or go deeper in areas of interest. You may arrive at SPS with a love for theater and then discover a new talent in building robots or creating a podcast. Or, you may come here with a desire to focus on math and find an opportunity to combine that interest with other disciplines. We are here to support you in your academic pursuits, help you build upon your joy for learning, and create a community where everyone is on different journeys … together. 

The following descriptions are examples of courses currently on offer. To view up-to-date course listings for the 2025-26 school year, please reference the course catalog linked above.

 

THE ARTS

Dance

DA110: Dance 1

Fall, Winter and Spring Term: 3 credits
Fall and Winter Term: 2 credits

Dance 1: Ballet Technique  |  Fall Term: 1 credit
Dance 1: Modern Dance Fundamentals  |  Winter Term: 1 credit 
Dance 1: Contemporary Technique  |  Spring Term: 1 credit

This fun and fast-paced studio-based course is geared toward beginner-level students and athletes looking to learn the fundamentals of dance technique while improving strength, flexibility, agility, stamina, body control and core stability. Each term will focus on a specific dance technique — Fall Term: Ballet Technique; Winter Term: Modern Dance Fundamentals; Spring Term: Contemporary Technique. Students will learn the fundamentals of these dance techniques while also focusing on proper alignment, muscle balance, injury prevention, musicality and rhythm. Additional movement techniques including core-strengthening Pilates exercises, GYROKINESIS® and yoga will supplement with the purpose of improving balance and coordination. Basic anatomy will be introduced to develop an understanding of the function of each muscle group and how it pertains to movement.

DA110: Movement for Strength and Agility

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

With the goal of building strength, flexibility, agility and body awareness, this class focuses on movement practices from The GRYOKINESIS® Method and The MELT Method®, along with conditioning exercises, dynamic stretching and ballet technique exercises to provide cross training for the student athlete. GRYOKINESIS® is a movement method that addresses the entire body, opening energy pathways, stimulating the nervous system, increasing range of motion and creating functional strength through rhythmic, flowing movement sequences. It is an original and unique method that coordinates movement, breath and mental focus. The MELT Method® is a gentle self-care technique that enhances mobility, stability and performance, with the goal of eliminating mental and physical stress that accumulates from daily living before it causes persistent pain and dysfunction. Ballet technique exercises utilize the concept of turn out, which provides the opportunity to build hip and core stability. Basic anatomy and readings on these methods will help to deepen one’s understanding of the body. This class introduces students to a different way of approaching body care and injury prevention, and strength and flexibility building through movement patterns.

DA240: Ballet 2

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 3-credit sequence

Prerequisites: Some previous dance training, for example Dance I.

This course teaches classical ballet techniques at the elementary level. Classes cover barre, center practice and the introduction and further study of pointe work. Working from the syllabus of classical ballet students develop their technique, artistry and functional understanding of anatomy. Students with prior dance training should enroll in Ballet 2. Throughout the year, students may have visiting guest teachers from professional companies in disciplines ranging from classical to modern and contemporary techniques.

DA340: Ballet 3

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Permission of the Director of Dance.

This course is developed within the syllabus of classical ballet at a beginning pre-professional level. Students will work to explore and improve their capacity for movement through the practice of classical ballet. Students will be expected to work at their own level of proficiency while being guided to improve in all areas. Classes will cover barre, center practice, pointe work and traditional men’s technique. In addition, students will develop artistry, work toward improving their strength and flexibility and learn about anatomy as it pertains to what they are working on as well as their knowledge of classical terminology and techniques. To be placed in Ballet 3, students need a significant background in classical ballet and a desire to continue their training at an intensive level. Throughout the year, students will receive training from visiting artists from professional companies in disciplines ranging from classical ballet to modern and contemporary techniques.

DA440: Ballet 4

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Permission of the Director of Dance.

This course teaches classical ballet technique at a pre-professional beginning/intermediate level. Therefore, the physical vocabulary and combinations the dancers will be learning and practicing build on what was learned in Ballet 3 and are geared toward helping the dancers progress to Ballet 5. Students will work to explore and improve their capacity for movement through the practice of classical ballet. Students will be expected to participate with the proficiency that is industry standard for their level. Classes will cover barre, center practice, pointe work and traditional men’s technique. In addition, students will develop artistry, work toward improving their strength and flexibility and learn about anatomy as it pertains to what they are working on as well as their knowledge of classical terminology and techniques. Throughout the year, students will receive training from visiting artists from professional companies in disciplines ranging from classical ballet to modern and contemporary techniques. Students with a significant background in ballet who are interested in continuing their training at an intensive level will be placed in Ballet 4 by the Director of Dance. Membership in the SPS Ballet Company is a prerequisite for placement in this level.

DA540: Ballet 5

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Permission of the Director of Dance.

This course teaches classical ballet technique at a pre-professional intermediate level. Therefore, the physical vocabulary and combinations the dancers will be learning and practicing build on what was learned in Ballet 4 and are geared toward helping the dancers progress to Ballet 6 at the end of the year. Students will work to explore and improve their capacity for movement through the practice of classical ballet. Students will be expected to participate with the proficiency that is industry standard for their level. Classes will cover barre, center practice, pointe work and traditional men’s technique. In addition, students will develop artistry, work toward improving their strength and flexibility and learn about anatomy as it pertains to what they are working on as well as their knowledge of classical terminology and techniques. Throughout the year, students will receive training from visiting artists from professional companies in disciplines ranging from classical ballet to modern and contemporary techniques. Students with a significant background in ballet who are interested in continuing their training at an intensive level will be placed in Ballet 5 by the Director of Dance. Membership in the SPS Ballet Company is a prerequisite for placement in this level.

DA580: Ballet 6

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Permission of the Director of Dance

This course teaches classical ballet technique at a pre-professional advanced level. Dancers at this level need to have had Ballet 3-5 or the equivalent. The physical vocabulary and combinations the dancers will be learning and practicing are the most advanced that the St. Paul’s School Dance Program has to offer. Students will work to hone their capacity for movement through the practice of classical ballet. Students will be expected to participate with the proficiency that is industry standard for a preprofessionally trained dancer. Classes will cover barre, center practice, pointe work and traditional men’s technique. In addition, students will continue to develop artistry, strength and flexibility. They will be asked to refer to anatomy as it pertains to what they are working on. They will continue to develop their knowledge of classical terminology, styles and techniques. Throughout the year, students will receive training from visiting artists from professional companies in disciplines ranging from classical ballet to modern and contemporary techniques. Students with a significant and appropriate background in ballet who are interested in continuing their training at this intensive level will be placed in Ballet 6 by the Director of Dance.

Fine Arts

FC110: Ceramics 1: Handbuilding

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

This introductory course focuses on hand-building techniques, including pinch, coil, and slab methods. Students will use tools like the slab roller and extruder while learning about clay and glaze chemistry, firing processes, and 3D design principles. Through hands-on projects, research, and exploration of historical and contemporary ceramic art, students will develop their understanding of form, texture, and color to create expressive and functional works.

FC210: Ceramics 2: Intro to Wheel Throwing

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Ceramics 1

This course introduces students to the discipline of wheel throwing, focusing on the wheel as a tool for creating a variety of forms. Students will learn essential techniques for shaping, trimming, and refining their work on the wheel. Basic clay and glaze chemistry, along with firing processes, will be covered. Historical and contemporary ceramic practices will inspire both the making and research aspects of the course, as students continue to explore form, texture, and color in their creations.

FC240: Ceramics 3: Intermediate Wheel Throwing

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Ceramics 2

This course builds on wheel-throwing techniques with a focus on larger, more complex forms and functional pottery. Students will refine their skills and explore advanced methods, including combining wheel-thrown and handbuilt elements. Through hands-on projects, students will develop a personal approach to both material and process. Advanced glazing and firing techniques will be introduced, along with a deeper study of historical and contemporary ceramic practices. Emphasis is placed on form, function, and sculptural possibilities, with the wheel serving as a foundation for creative exploration.

FC350: Ceramics 4: Advanced Wheel & Surface Design

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Ceramics 3

Ceramics 4 is an advanced-level course designed for highly motivated ceramics students seeking to further develop their technical skills and conceptual depth. Building upon prior experience, this course focuses on the complexities of ceramic surfaces, from glaze and pattern to decoration and ornamentation. Students will explore surface treatments through multiple firing techniques, glaze chemistry, and both commercial and digital applications. With an emphasis on historical and contemporary perspectives, the course also encourages students to critically examine surface in ceramics. Students will propose and develop a conceptual idea across a series of works, using research, writing, and studio practice to create resolved, meaningful pieces that integrate technical mastery with personal expression.

FC380: Ceramics 5: Ceramic Sculpture

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Ceramics 4

This advanced-level course is for highly motivated ceramics students looking to deepen their technical expertise and explore the sculptural potential of clay. Students will experiment with hand-building and mold-making techniques to transform found shapes, images, and objects into abstract or conceptual sculptures. Emphasis is placed on experimentation, personal expression, and the development of a specific conceptual idea across a series of works. Students will engage with contemporary ceramic sculpture, pushing the boundaries of traditional methods while refining their unique sculptural approach.

FC450: Ceramics 6: Research and Studio Practice

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Ceramics 5

This advanced course is centered on the research process, designed to bridge assignment-based studio work and a more independent approach to artistic development. Students will engage deeply with both history and technique, developing methods to clarify and refine their artistic voice. Through focused research, students will gain a greater understanding of their own practice, as well as the ability to articulate ideas in both material and meaning. The course emphasizes personal engagement with the work, while incorporating readings by artists and historians that explore the dynamics of the artist’s studio. This course fosters a passionate, inquiry-driven approach to ceramics and artistic exploration.

FS480: Studio Arts Seminar: Ceramics and Sculpture

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Open to Sixth Formers with four or more terms in Ceramics and Sculpture, six or more terms in Arts and permission of the Department Head

Designed for students with strong technical skills and an independent, ambitious creative drive, this yearlong capstone course guides students as they create an original body of work for presentation to the School. The project-based course structure encourages experimentation, rigorous reflection, advanced technical instruction and strong critical thinking skills in the studio. The contemporary art context interweaves throughout the year with art history discussions, Crumpacker Gallery shows, visiting artist connections and group critiques. Students develop their unique creative voice and learn to converse in the language of visual artists. Projects are due every three to four weeks. Students work together daily and regularly meet with the full Studio Arts Seminar cohort and instructors across mediums for feedback and collaboration. The Spring term culminates in a Crumpacker Gallery co-curated exhibition and community-wide Artist Talk event. Students taking this course are also encouraged to take an art history course at SPS.

FD110: 2D Art 1: Drawing From Life

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

This introductory-level course focuses on the basic techniques of observational drawing from life. Techniques in the fundamentals of drawing with pencil, ink, charcoal, pastels, and Conté crayon are explored. Line, shape, and value are the primary skills addressed, as well as examinations of art history, critique, and reflection. Projects simultaneously build skills and encourage creative responses. Elements of design are introduced and reinforced in this course. The course is designed for students from all levels of experience and serves as a prerequisite for all subsequent 2D Art courses.

FD210: 2D Art 2: Illustrating Space

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: 2D Art 1 or Drawing 1

2D Art 2 builds on the foundational skills learned in 2D Art 1. This course introduces students to linear perspective, landscape drawing, as well as considerations of composition and 2D design. Students are made more familiar with the tools and keep a sketchbook to build their artistic practice. Studio work is informed by art history, master artist references, and feedback from group critique. A heightened emphasis is placed on creative thinking and project planning. The class culminates in a co-curated, end of term exhibition for the school.

FD240: 2D Art 3: Intro to Painting

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: 2D Art 2 or Drawing 2

This course utilizes and builds on the drawing skills learned in 2D Art 1 and 2, and focuses on the basic techniques of painting. Beginning with transparent watercolor, students practice painting skills through landscape, portrait, and still life painting. Emphasis is placed on drawing and painting from life. Elements of design and color theory are introduced with acrylic paint. Explorations in art history and field trips to local museums and galleries support the technical and creative growth of each student-artist.

FD310: 2D Art 4: Printmaking

Fall Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Drawing 3, or 2D Art 3 or Painting 1

The printmaking course builds on the drawing skill, color theory, and wet media explored in 2D Art 1-3. Through various printmaking methods and media, students make images in a fast-paced, collaborative studio. With a heavy focus on experimentation, originality and message, students explore multiplicity, image reversal, design principles, color, and mark-making through both hand-printed and press-printed techniques in relief printing, embossing, intaglio, monotype, bookmaking, screen printing, Risograph duplication and Xerox. This studio course delves into the rich, democratic history of print media by discussing its roots in publishing and politically engaged and public artworks, continuing into contemporary print cultures and industrial applications

FD320: 2D Art 4: Animation

Winter Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Drawing 3, or 2D Art 3 or Painting 1

After 2D Art 1-3, students are introduced to the art of the moving image through Animation. Projects utilize traditional hand-drawn animation and digital drawing-based animation techniques. With an emphasis on creativity, students will take their ideas through the full process from concept and storyboarding to research and documentation to the mechanics of drawing to digitally rendering finished GIFs and videos. The course also teaches the history of the art form and incorporates viewing professional animations. Critique and collaboration permeate the studio culture. Each term will conclude with a presentation of video work for the School. May be taken after, before, or independent of 2D Art 4: Printmaking.

FD350: 2D Art 4: Advanced Drawing and Painting

Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Drawing 3, or 2D Art 3 or Painting 1

2D Art 4: Advanced Drawing and Painting builds on the foundations introduced in 2D Art 1-3 and develops those skills for large-scale oil painting. Greater emphasis is placed on color mixing, painting process, and brush techniques, while more conceptual assignments utilize observational skills of rendering from life for heightened effect. Art History, sketchbook, and critique form the bedrock of the collaborative studio culture, and students are encouraged to be ambitious with their creativity. May be taken after, before, or independent of 2D Art 4: Printmaking and 2D Art 4: Animation.

FD450: 2D Art 5: Portfolio

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Drawing 4, or 2D Art 4 or Painting 2

2D Art 5: Portfolio is an advanced-level course for highly motivated drawing and painting students. Building upon the basic drawing and compositional skills learned in 2D Art 1-4, students are empowered to work more extensively within any of the following particular mediums: drawing, painting, printmaking, or animation. Emphasis is placed on largescale and ambitious artworks. The project-based classroom enables students to propose to develop a concept over a series of technically-linked pieces which can be compiled for a portfolio. Rooted in art history and critique, the collaborative studio atmosphere will serve to assist each student-artist in developing their unique creative voice.

FA480: Studio Arts Seminar: Drawing and Painting

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Open to Sixth Formers with four or more terms in Drawing and Painting, six or more terms in Arts and permission of the Department Head

Designed for students with strong technical skills and an independent, ambitious creative drive, this yearlong capstone course guides students as they create an original body of work for presentation to the School. The project-based course structure encourages experimentation, rigorous reflection, advanced technical instruction and strong critical thinking skills in the studio. The contemporary art context interweaves throughout the year with art history discussions, Crumpacker Gallery shows, visiting artist connections and group critiques. Students develop their unique creative voice and learn to converse in the language of visual artists. Projects are due every three to four weeks. Students work together daily and regularly meet with the full Studio Arts Seminar cohort and instructors across mediums for feedback and collaboration. The Spring term culminates in a Crumpacker Gallery co-curated exhibition and community-wide Artist Talk event. Students taking this course are also encouraged to take an art history course at SPS.

FG110: Glass 1

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

Glass 1 is a beginning course for students who want to work with glass as a sculptural medium. Students will be introduced to hot glass, glass fusing, glass casting and stained-glass construction. Projects will focus on the three-dimensional elements and principles of art and design, while historical and contemporary examples of glass are studied. Students will learn how to manipulate hot glass, cut and grind glass, solder and create plaster molds. The course provides the opportunity for students to explore possibilities of glass in the studio and hot shop.

FG210: Glass 2

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Glass 1

This course introduces the basics of manipulating hot glass through the use of a blowpipe and hand tools. Students learn how to gather glass from the furnace and shape it using hand tools at the glassblowing bench. Using heat, gravity and centrifugal force, students create vessels such as tumblers, bowls and vases. Students also are introduced to basic color applications as well as grinding and polishing techniques. Students study historical and contemporary examples of blown glass, as well as the artists involved with glass. Emphasis is given to developing hand skills, teamwork, creative thinking, self-expression and shop safety.

FG240: Glass 3

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Glass 2

This course continues with the basics of manipulating hot glass through the use of a blowpipe and hand tools. Students learn how to gather glass from the furnace and shape it using hand tools at the glassblowing bench. Using heat, gravity and centrifugal force, students create vessels such as tumblers, bowls and vases. Students also are introduced to basic color applications and grinding and polishing techniques. Students study historical and contemporary examples of blown glass, as well as the artists involved with glass. Emphasis is given to developing hand skills, teamwork, creative thinking, self-expression and shop safety.

FT110: Photography 1: Introduction

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

An introductory photography course designed for students with little or no previous photography experience, this course introduces the principles of photography through a blend of traditional and digital processes. The main objective is to teach students to see light rather than things. Students gain foundational understanding of the 35mm camera, black-and-white film, digital scanning, Adobe Photoshop and digital printing. Students may borrow a fully manual 35mm film camera from the Department. (Arrangements can be made with the photography instructor for borrowing cameras.) Each photography course is concerned with the aesthetics, history and practice of this light-generated form of art. Additionally, productive critique procedures are cultivated.

FT210: Photography 2: Studio Lighting

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Photography 1 or Introduction to Photography

Students further develop black-and-white photography concepts introduced in Introduction to Photography, this time with a focus on people and the body. The Zone Simple System, studio lighting and other intermediate-level techniques are explored, and several historical and contemporary artists are discussed. An emphasis is placed on portraiture and self-portraiture and the exploration of gesture and meaning. Additionally, productive critique procedures are cultivated and the collaborative studio dynamic explored. Students should be highly motivated and have strong critical skills in all intermediate- and advanced-level photography courses. Students must have access to a fully manual 35mm camera or may borrow one from the Department.

FT240: Photography 3: Color

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Photography 2 or Black and White Photography

Students continue to develop photographic vocabulary and vision while building upon intermediate-level black-and-white photography techniques. They also are introduced to computer colorization, color photography, color digital printing and basic computer image manipulation. Emphasis will be placed on developing narratives using photographic imagery. Students must have access to a fully manual 35mm camera or may borrow one from the Department.

FT350: Photography 4: Advanced Processes

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Photography 3 or Photography: Color

Highly motivated students explore the creative potential and history of the photography medium. Students continue to use the Zone Simple System with advanced-level black-and-white and digital processes in photography, including night photography, SLOfilm, infrared photography, and other alternative and multimedia techniques. Students are expected to work more independently and experimentally in this exploration of photography as a living and material medium. Students must have access to a fully manual 35mm camera or may borrow one from the Department

FT380: Photography 5: Image in Sequence

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Photography 4 or Advanced Photo Seminar

Highly motivated students build on the many processes and techniques learned in Photo 4, to consider the sequencing of photographic imagery in book form. This project-based class allows students to propose a photographic series and explore a familiar or new approach to image-making to build a narrative. Students are expected to work more independently and experimentally. Students must have access to a fully manual 35mm camera or may borrow one from the Department.

FT480: Studio Arts Seminar: Photography

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Open to Sixth Formers with three or more terms in Photography, six or more terms in Arts and permission of the Department Head.

Designed for students with strong technical skills and an independent, ambitious creative drive, this yearlong capstone course guides students as they create an original body of work for presentation to the School. The project-based course structure encourages experimentation, rigorous reflection,advanced technical instruction and strong critical thinking skills in the studio. The contemporary art context interweaves throughout the year with art history discussions, Crumpacker Gallery shows, visiting artist connections and group critiques. Students develop their unique creative voice and learn to converse in the language of visual artists. Projects are due every three to four weeks. Students work together daily and regularly meet with the full Studio Arts Seminar cohort and instructors across mediums for feedback and collaboration. The Spring term culminates in a Crumpacker Gallery co-curated exhibition and community-wide Artist Talk event. Students taking this course are also encouraged to take an art history course at SPS.

FA110: Graphic Design

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

This course introduces students to graphic design through projects in printed and digital media, challenging students to create original images in the areas of design, color and typography. Students will survey the history of graphic design, examine modern applications and practice the visual communication of ideas through their own artworks.

Music

MU100: Non-Credit Music

Full Year

[May be taken for more than one year.]

Private year-long instruction is available to all students who want to study music for no credit/no grade. Daily practice is required. Music studied in this course is based on individual needs and abilities and may include a breadth of styles and genres, based on personal interests. A fee is charged for these lessons. As the School retains contracted music teachers annually based on the full academic year registrations received, early withdrawal from these music lessons does not release families from their financial obligations for the academic year. Please note that students may choose the options of Non-Credit Music lessons for the full academic year, for the Winter and Spring Terms, or for the Spring Term only. This course may be taken for more than one year.

MU110: Applied Music 1

Full Year: 3 credits

This course is offered to musicians who are new to SPS and the ensemble program and fulfills the one-year Arts graduation requirement through participation in one or more of the School’s ensembles (Choir, Orchestra, Small Ensembles). The yearlong Applied Music 1 curriculum consists of two basic musicianship classes (BMC), one private or group lesson on their chosen instrument and two or more evening ensemble rehearsals each week for those who qualify. Ensemble rehearsals are typically held on Tuesday and Thursday evenings for 90: minutes each. Grades are based on performance in BMC, lessons and ensemble participation. Each term, a 5 to 10-minute skill evaluation (jury) is required of students who are not in a regularly rehearsing/performing ensemble or Afternoon Music. Musicians who do not pass the audition for an ensemble — or play an instrument for which there is no ensemble offered — will be expected to participate in evening practice sessions during ensemble meeting times. Students must pass the BMC portion of Applied Music 1 to receive credit for the course and move to Applied Music 2. Although the standard Arts fee applies, private and group lessons are free of charge to all students enrolled in Applied Music. Applied Music may be taken each year as described below.

MU210 Applied Music 2

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Applied Music 1

This course is a continuation of the Applied Music curriculum and is offered to students who have fulfilled the Basic Musicianship requirement by successfully completing the Basic Musicianship Class and Applied Music 1. Students enrolled in this class receive either two private lessons or one private and one group lesson per week and must participate in one or more Major Ensembles. More advanced students are encouraged to participate in smaller “splinter” groups such as A Cappella Choir, Chamber Music, Jazz Ensemble or other small ensembles coordinated by members of the Music Program faculty. Applied Music satisfies the School’s Arts graduation requirement.

MU310: Applied Music 3

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Applied Music 2

This course is a continuation of the Applied Music curriculum and is offered to students in their third year in the program who have fulfilled the Basic Musicianship requirement by successfully completing the Basic Musicianship Class and Applied Music 1. Students enrolled in this class receive either two private lessons or one private and one group lesson per week and must participate in one or more Major Ensembles. More advanced students are encouraged to participate in smaller “splinter” groups such as A Cappella Choir, Chamber Music, Jazz Ensemble or other small ensembles coordinated by members of the Music Program faculty. Applied Music satisfies the School’s Arts graduation requirement; Applied Music 3 may be taken for more than one year.

MU310: Applied Music 4

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Applied Music 3

This course is a continuation of the Applied Music curriculum and is offered to students in their third year in the program who have fulfilled the Basic Musicianship requirement by successfully completing the Basic Musicianship Class and Applied Music 1. Students enrolled in this class receive either two private lessons or one private and one group lesson per week and must participate in one or more Major Ensembles. More advanced students are encouraged to participate in smaller “splinter” groups such as A Cappella Choir, Chamber Music, Jazz Ensemble or other small ensembles coordinated by members of the Music Program faculty. Applied Music satisfies the School’s Arts graduation requirement; Applied Music 4 may be taken for more than one year.

Theater

TH110: Theater Arts: Foundations

Fall Term: 1 credit

This course is a practical, on-your-feet introduction to theater as a collaborative tool for communication. The class also serves as the foundation for the progression of theater courses. Through a series of projects focusing on specific aspects of acting, writing, directing and design, students will build skills in theatrical communication. Each new project features a global artist who uses theater to shake up, shock, challenge or entertain their communities, and will include a chance to read and watch representative works before students create their own work in response. This course is designed to challenge and engage students who have previous experience and interest as well as those who are brand new to theater.

TH110: Theater Arts: Ensemble

Winter Term: 1 credit

This class is a continuation of the work begun in Theater Arts Foundations, building an understanding of how the components of a theatrical production work together to create a meaningful story. Students will explore the work of professional theater artists and respond to project prompts with their own creations, using theater to question the status quo, speak to communities in conflict and unite people around a common cause. Each member of the class will be asked to direct, write, perform and design over the course of multiple projects, so students should come prepared for a highly interactive and collaborative class.

TH110: Improvisation

Spring Term: 1 credit

You do not have to be funny — effective improv is the result of understanding the structure of a scene, working well with partners and being willing to live boldly in the present moment. Over the term, students will learn how to develop those skills plus many others while recognizing patterns to create characters and scenes on the spot. This course is designed both for students who have previous acting experience and those who have never performed before.

Anyone taking this class must be prepared to fully engage in physical class activities, games and discussions. The class will culminate in a fully improvised pop-up performance for the SPS community.

TH210: Scene Study: Fundamentals

Fall Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Previous SPS theater class or involvement in SPS theater production.

A course in the fundamentals of building a character and playing a scene through ensemble-based actor training, which includes substantial movement, games, vocal work and collaboration. Students should be prepared for an active class. The class will learn techniques from Viola Spolin, Anne Bogart, Tina Landau, Tadashi Suzuki, Freddie Hendricks and Jerzy Grotowski to create compelling and believable characters and scenes.

TH210: Experimental Theater

Winter Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Previous SPS theater class or involvement in SPS theater production.

In a world of AI and CGI, crammed with content creators, can an ancient art form like theater ever be cutting edge? Students will study the work of performance artists, contemporary theater companies during the pandemic, site-specific theater and interactive digital storytellers. Using techniques drawn from Devised Theater, the bulk of our class work will involve collaborating to create an innovative world-premiere piece of experimental theater for the SPS community.

TH210: Scene Study: Analysis

Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Previous SPS theater class or involvement in SPS theater production.

Konstantin Stanislavski’s techniques for acting and script analysis have been embraced, debated, rebranded or improved on by almost every professional actor you have ever seen. This class will take students through his practical approach to breaking down and scoring a script while using playable verbs to create nuanced, effective performances. Through monologues and increasingly challenging scene studies drawing from international modern drama, students will build on their existing skills as actors.

TH310: Playwriting

Fall Term: 1 credit

This course is a prerequisite for any student who wants their script produced in the Winter Term one-act play festival. The class will begin by writing a series of monologues, short scenes and flash plays as we explore the elements of character, dialogue, narrative structure, plot and visual spectacle. Since the word “wright” refers to a craftsperson, much of the class time will function as an intensive writer’s workshop. To ensure effective peer critiques, students will learn and use Liz Lerman’s Critical Response Technique, which was designed for artists sharing feedback on creative works in progress. We will also read and discuss a variety of professional one-act plays. This course is open to all students regardless of previous experience in theater.

TH310: Directing Practicum

Winter Term: 1 credit

This course will serve as a practicum for students currently directing in the Winter Term one-act play festival. In addition to coursework in storytelling, script analysis, effective ground plans, production concept and staging, we also will cover practical matters including communication and troubleshooting. Students will also be introduced to a range of methods to structure rehearsals and work effectively with student actors of all experience levels.

TH450: Advanced Acting

Fall Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: This class is open to Fifth and Sixth Formers with previous SPS theater experience.

Building on skills developed in previous classes and/or productions, this ensemble-based acting class will challenge students with a wide variety of exercises, monologues and scenes used as text for our explorations of technique and craft. Students are expected to come to class with memorization work completed. Advanced Acting students will learn the system of Practical Aesthetics while continuing to build their individualized process for effective acting. The class will also study elements of craft technique, increasing physical and vocal clarity, employing spatial relationships and growing moment-to-moment specificity. 

Students are encouraged to take Advanced Acting, Advanced Acting Ensemble and Advanced Acting Production by the end of the SPS careers.

TH450: Advanced Acting: Ensemble

Winter Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: This class is open to Fifth and Sixth Formers with previous SPS theater experience.

This ensemble of intermediate- and advanced-level actors will work together to bring a production to life. The exact nature and scope of the project will depend on the interests and skills of the students in the class. As a company, students may choose to compete at the New Hampshire Educational Theatre Guild one-act competition, create a traveling childrens’ show, devise an original work, tackle an advanced script or explore a new form of theater. 

Students are encouraged to take Advanced Acting, Advanced Acting Ensemble and Advanced Acting Production by the end of the SPS careers.

TH450: Advanced Acting: Production

Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: This class is open to Fifth and Sixth Formers with previous SPS theater experience.

This ensemble of intermediate- and advanced-level actors will work together to bring a production to life. The exact nature and scope of the project will depend on the interests and skills of the students in the class. As a company, students may choose to compete at the New Hampshire Educational Theatre Guild one-act competition, create a traveling childrens’ show, devise an original work, tackle an advanced script or explore a new form of theater.

Students are encouraged to take Advanced Acting, Advanced Acting Ensemble and Advanced Acting Production by the end of the SPS careers.

HUMANITIES

Core Courses

HU110: Humanities III

Full Year: 6 credits (2 credits per term)

Humanities III introduces students to what will be a four-year experience that expects collaboration, student-centered learning and richly interactive discussions. This course focuses specifically on identity and stories, understanding that identity formation is a byproduct of the intersection of cultural, historical, religious, political and social influences. The stories we learn, tell and read inform the way we look at the world and understand ourselves in relation to the world. Stories can be used to privilege some groups and marginalize others; stories also can be rewritten or harnessed to create positive social change. To help our students understand these ideas, we examine creation stories from Ancient Mesopotamia to Judeo-Christian traditions to Indigenous American cultures. Throughout their studies, students continuously develop their critical and creative thinking skills through close reading, writing, discussion, projects and presentations.

HU210: Humanities IV

Full Year: 6 credits (2 credits per term)

In Humanities IV, students study American history and literature to explore the complex relationships among individuals and their communities through a varied and integrated disciplinary approach. Building on the self-conception considered in Humanities III and anticipating the examination of the forces and beliefs shaping our modern world studied in Humanities V, Humanities IV investigates why individuals choose to come together in community, how they cope with tension and change and how communities develop and evolve. Considering specific periods in American history, students explore American experiences through primary and secondary texts such as historical documents, artwork and literature. Discussion and activity-driven classes encourage students to develop curiosity about the human condition, study and understand founding documents, develop their own perspectives and value others’ viewpoints. Students practice writing on a weekly basis as well as in major assessments as a critical means of self-expression with emphasis on analytical writing. Varied assessments foster skill building that includes critical reading, research, visual image analysis and public speaking. During the Spring Term, students conduct a major research project examining some aspect of American history or culture.

HU310: Humanities V

Full Year: 6 credits (2 credits per term)

Centering on history and literature from the 19th and 20th centuries, Humanities V explores the forces that shaped the contemporary world. Specific units focus on the history and literature of China, Africa, India and Europe. The course aims to find recurring trends and themes relevant to all places, peoples and time. Students learn to interpret events and cultural artifacts through the lenses of economics, politics, race, gender and religion. Through a close examination of diverse texts — poetry, philosophy, novels, historical documents — students imaginatively and rigorously recreate the context both informing and informed by these works. Students refine the skill of close reading and develop critical vocabularies for various disciplines. Close attention is given to planning and writing analytical essays. Students also engage in a variety of other assessments — DBQ exams, research, historically based simulations — to develop greater appreciation for and control of the nuances of language and self-expression. Students are expected to be active participants in their own education. The course culminates in an independent research project in which each student expands their understanding of a topic introduced in Humanities V.

Electives

HU310: American Film and Culture

Winter Term: 1 credit

This course focuses on the historical and cultural forces in the United States. With a thematic approach, the class explores issues of the American family, gender roles, race and other defining cultural values that have shaped modern America. To supplement the historical readings, classic American films are used as cultural centerpieces to enrich discussions and essays. Some of the films used in past classes include “Rebel Without a Cause,” “High Noon,” “Cool Hand Luke,” “The Graduate” and “Dr. Strangelove.”

HU310: Boarding School Literature

Fall and Winter Term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course]

Boarding schools are consistently chosen as the setting for novels, short stories and poems. Something about this concentration of teenagers makes for an appealing backdrop to examine the human condition. In this course, students will read literature about boarding schools — such as “A Separate Peace,” by John Knowles, “The Fall of Rome,” by Martha Southgate, and “Black Ice,” by Lorene Cary ’74 — and try to articulate just what it is about the adolescent experience at boarding school that makes this literature so enthralling. Additionally, students will use their own experiences in conjunction with the texts to both broadly explore the utility of boarding schools in a constantly evolving societal landscape.

HU410: American Foreign Policy

Fall Term: 1 credit

This course asks students to examine the paradigm that governs American foreign policy and the key moments in history when that paradigm has shifted. In our study of foreign policy decisions, this course examines America’s role as an imperial power, the role of human rights in America’s foreign policy decisions, the relationship between the United States and the United Nations and the concept of America as the world’s global police. Students are expected to pay particular attention to current events. There are several research projects as a major component of this course.

HU410: American Government

Winter and Spring Term: 1 credit

The objective of this course is to introduce students to the institutions, processes and actors that comprise the American political system at the national level and engage them in empirical and critical thinking regarding the nature and quality of American democracy. The course begins with an examination of the ways we can systematically examine American politics, and then turns to the structure of American government with an emphasis on the divisions of power between levels and branches of government. We’ll investigate the legislative and executive branches of government, looking specifically at the workings of the Congress, presidency and bureaucracy, and how these institutions engage in policymaking and policy execution. The role of American elections and the combination of forces that lead to policy change also will be examined. We will end the course by considering the American judicial system and its role in our system of government. Current events will be incorporated regularly and used as lenses into the issues we are studying.

HU410: American Politics

Spring Term: 1 credit

In this course students will study current political issues and trends. We will analyze the partisan divide in the country and how this engenders political division in the American government. We will discuss the dynamics, organization and decision making processes of the American Congress and pay attention to the relationship between legislators and their constituents and legislators and the president. We also will examine the growth of presidential power, the cult of presidential personality and the issue of presidential accountability. Some crucial questions we might address include: What is the relationship between citizens and elected officials? How do the political parties function in terms of decisions made by members of Congress? How is power balanced among the three branches of government? At its heart, this course will be a current events course focusing on issues within the political system of the United States.

HU410: American Public Policy

Fall Term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course]

What is more important: combating climate change or jobs? Should a public policy maximize effectiveness or efficiency? How do we, as an American society, analyze and tackle the tough issues facing our generation? This course is intended as an introduction to how policymakers analyze and craft solutions to issues such as the environment, social justice, welfare policy and more. Over the course of the term, we will consider the fundamental question of why some conditions become problems for the government to solve while other issues are ignored. The goal of this course is for each student to better understand how ideas become policy in the United States and to feel comfortable that they personally have an important role in having their voice heard and shaping solutions to the problems facing the world today.

HU410: An Ethic of Care and Beloved Community

Fall, Winter, Spring Term: 1 credit
Satisfies religion requirement

This religion elective will explore the tenets of developing an ethic of care and belonging for individuals and communities. The course will examine the religious history, practical theology and ethical applications of the Beloved Community in an increasingly diverse and rapidly changing world. Students will engage the scholarship of Paul Tillich, Emilie Townes and Howard Thurman. Students will create their own ethic of care by writing weekly reflection and two research projects on articles and texts including Tillich’s “Love, Power and Justice,” Townes’ “Womanist Ethics and the Cultural Production of Evil” and Thurman’s “Jesus and the Disinherited.”

HU410: Capitalism

Fall Term: 1 credit

Capitalism conjures an array of preconceptions and misunderstandings of an incredible force that has shaped the world around us. Is Capitalism an economic system? A set of fixed rules? A dangerous ideology? Scholars put forth no shortage of interpretations in defining and sometimes vilifying or valorizing the notion of Capitalism. This course will push students to draw upon the work of modern scholars and past seminal thinkers to define and then analyze the evolution of Capitalism. Students will then explore and evaluate an aspect of modern Capitalism through multiple lenses. This course incorporates the iconic work of Smith, Mill, Marx, Veblen, Weber, Keynes, Hayek, and Friedman, among others. The essential question for this course is: How might we analyze the long, complex thread of Capitalism and refocus how we interpret the world around us?

HU410: Civil Rights, the Sixties and St. Paul's School

Spring Term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course]

The 1960s are marked as a period of great social and political unrest and change. A generation grew up during this decade questioning the status quo in the interest of collective societal progress. Political conversations evolved to include personal experiences of discrimination and oppression. This course will explore the forces that shaped the decade and examine what it represents to different demographics and for different institutions. St. Paul’s School will be one case study for which we will conduct exploratory research to practice historical research methodologies.

HU410: Classical Rhetoric: The Art of Persuasion

Winter Term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course]

This course explores the principles and practices of rhetoric as developed in ancient Greece and Rome. Through the study of key works by authors such as Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero, students will learn the techniques used by ancient speakers to persuade and inform. We will examine rhetorical strategies in speeches, political debates, and legal proceedings, considering how these tools shaped public discourse in the ancient world. The course will also explore how Classical rhetoric continues to influence modern communication.

HU410: The Cold War

Spring Term: 1 credit

This course will help students understand the ideological conflicts between the United States and the USSR and how that tension impacted the world. Students will research proxy wars and focus on particular moments of high tension such as the Berlin airlift, Cuban Missile Crisis, the invasion of Hungary, the space race, and the fall of the Berlin Wall. In this class we will read several important Cold War novels, which might include “The Crucible,” “1984,” and “When the Wind Blows.” Students will also watch and analyze several classic Cold War films such as “Dr. Strangelove,” “Red Dawn,” “Hunt for Red October,” “The Right Stuff” and, of course, “Miracle”. Students will engage in creating a research essay where they interview adults in their lives about Cold War memories.

HU410: Contemporary America – Utopia, Dystopia, or Neutropia?

Winter Term: 1 credit

This course examines utopian and dystopian works of literature in connection to and conversation with contemporary America and current political, social, cultural, and economic events. Starting with Sir Thomas More’s Utopia and moving to recent works like Emily St. John Mandel’s Station Eleven, students will read and discuss a variety of works that present both utopian and dystopian visions of society. In conjunction with the study of literature, the course will examine and discuss current events in America (and possibly elsewhere) to search for parallels between fiction and reality. Class discussions will move back and forth between works of literature and current events. Students will write analytical essays and conduct research connected with historical and current affairs. Possible texts for the course include Brave New World, Anthem, 1984, Fahrenheit 451, Lost Horizon, The Giver, Men Like Gods and more.

HU410: Contemporary Ethics

Winter Term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course]

This course is a discussion-based seminar focusing on questions concerning academic frameworks for contemporary ethics. The term begins with an overview of the modern framework for ethics (e.g., consequentialism, deontological ethics, virtue ethics) before examining the nuances of contemporary writers through the study of thought experiments. Students will discuss the practical application of ethical philosophies. Writing exercises will focus on demonstrating knowledge of ethical principles according to established philosophers and applying those principles to real-world scenarios.

HU410: Crafting Short Fiction

Winter and Spring Term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course]

In this course, we will study the craft of the short story. First, we will read a wide selection of works from authors of diverse backgrounds and time periods because, as Joyce Carol Oates says, “Reading is the springboard to writing.” We will explore the power of the story to highlight human emotion. We will take risks in the way we write, the subjects we tackle and the way in which we put ourselves out there to learn our craft and better understand our own voices. Through workshops and multiple drafts, we will develop the skills of constructive criticism to support the writing of peers, as well as the art of re-seeing our own writing through multiple revisions. The course will culminate in the submission of a final portfolio and presentation of the students’ work.

HU410: Creative Writing

Fall Term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course]

This course is designed to help young writers experiment in order to find an original voice. Students work over the term toward a final portfolio of pieces in several media, which they can revise right up to the end. Offering the opportunity to try out poetry, fiction, personal writing, creative nonfiction and script writing, the course enables students to find their own writing voice. In addition, for Sixth Formers, the course yields interesting material that might be useful for the process of developing college essays, but it will not specifically prepare students for that task. Students are taught how to read texts not in terms of literary analysis but in terms of their usefulness, regularly work-shopping their drafts with the rest of the group and studying new techniques and processes through a variety of assignments.

HU410: Dystopian Literature

Spring Term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course]

Could a utopian society ever exist, and why does a search for the perfect world typically backfire? How do authors use dystopian literature as a form of social commentary on their own societies, and how effective is this form of criticism? How are decades-old social commentaries relevant to our society today? In this course, we will strive to answer these questions as we study the works of Orwell and Atwood, among others. In addition, we will look at the way this genre has evolved with the emergence of several contemporary YA dystopian literature series. Besides novels, short stories and films/TV series also may be used.

HU410: Economic and Financial Crises

Spring Term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course]

Many people have their own story about how and why the Great Recession of the 21st century marks an era of financial and economic instability in America. Writers, economists and historians offer rich insight into the economic and historical uniqueness of this crisis, which still looms large in modern memory. Students will dissect these perspectives using macroeconomic data, historical/economic frameworks, scholarly analyses, documentaries and pop culture literature as we interpret this critical moment in American culture. To build context, we will comparatively analyze the Panic of 1907, the Great Depression and the Great Recession as we make sense of how history informs policy and the present. Guiding questions for this course ask, “How do historians, economists, and cultural commentators preserve the memory of the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression?”; “So what?” and “How do these lenses refract what is happening in our own economy?”

HU410: Environmental Philosophy

Spring Term: 1 credit

How should human beings think about and relate to the natural world? Are all species equal or are some species more equal than others? How should we balance economic needs with environmental goals? What is the value of wilderness? These are just some questions addressed in the course. To address these questions, we will explore several key areas of environmental philosophy, including animal ethics, sentientism and ecocentrism, anthropocentrism and nonanthropocentrism, the aesthetics of nature and ecomodernism. Using historical and contemporary texts, we will think about wilderness, climate ethics and potential duties to future generations. The course introduces and practices the distinctive mode of philosophical inquiry, with its pursuit of good arguments, clear concepts and meaningful distinctions. Students should be ready to have their beliefs challenged and be ready to respectfully challenge the beliefs of their peers. In the end, students will aim to develop an environmental outlook that is logically consistent, morally defensible and open to revision in the face of new evidence.

HU410: Foundations in Philosophy

Fall Term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course]

More than two millennia ago, the Greek philosopher Socrates argued that the unexamined life is not worth living. To better examine our lives, he urged us to do philosophy. This course is an introduction to the four major areas of philosophy — logic, epistemology, metaphysics and ethics. We will address questions such as: What is philosophy and how is it done? What is knowledge? Is reality subjective or objective? How does logic help us find truth? Is there such a thing as human nature, and is it good or bad? How should we interact with the natural world? We will read ancient and modern texts (and watch a few contemporary films) to discuss topics such as the nature of identity, the purpose of education and the scope and limit of human reason. The course will create a foundation for students wishing to take other courses in philosophy at SPS or in college.

HU410: Genocide in the Modern Era

Winter Term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course]

After WWII and the Holocaust, the global community pledged “never again” — however, this refrain has largely been in vain. Both the United Nations and the world’s superpowers have been unable, or unwilling, to stop genocide in its tracks. This course will trace the evolution of the legal definition of the word genocide alongside the responsibility of the United Nations and individual nation states to aid victims, hold governments accountable and live up to the expectations it set for itself in the wake of the Holocaust.

HU410: The History of Medicine

Spring Term: 1 credit

This course explores how societies across time have understood health, illness, and the body. Our discussions will survey a wide range of healing traditions, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and China, as well as early modern Europe. We will analyze how these traditions reflect religious, social, and philosophical worldviews, while also considering how medical practices have changed over time.

HU410: The Holocaust: History, Literature and Film

Fall term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course]

The Holocaust is a moment in modern history that has been the subject of much historical inquiry as well as artistic creativity. As more time passes since the end of the Holocaust, the experience is not only told by Jewish survivors or their relatives, but also by artists, authors and filmmakers personally disconnected from the Jewish diaspora. What is it that makes the story of the Holocaust so enduring? Is it acceptable to deviate from the historical facts in creative works? In this course we will examine the causes of the Holocaust and the way the experience has been told through film, novels and other creative works across time.

HU410: Microeconomics in the Real World

Winter Term: 1 credit

Microeconomic theory often lurks in the realm of mathematics classrooms and complex equations. But theory can inform how we interpret the surrounding world in rich, new ways. This course leads students to dissect aspects of microeconomic theory and then apply its lens to how we see the world around us. Students will do so through the theories of Comparative Advantage, Market Equilibrium, Market Failure, Utility Maximization and the ‘Theory of the Firm.’ Students will engage in problem sets, contemporary issues analysis and analytical writing to deepen their understanding of how the world of theory meets the real world.

HU410: The Modern Novel

Spring term: 1 credit

This course will examine some of the most influential and renowned novels written since the year 2000. Students will debate the utility of literature and storytelling in a rapidly evolving world, gain a deeper appreciation and understanding of the craft of fiction and use novels as a means for discussing current events. In addition to reading noteworthy novels, students will also engage in creative writing of their own—ending the term writing a complete first chapter of a novel with a synopsis of forward action. Texts may include Rumaan Alam’s “Leave the World Behind,” Jennifer Egan’s “A Visit From the Goon Squad,” Kazuo Ishiguro’s “Never Let Me Go,” Barbara Kingsolver’s “Demon Copperhead,” Colson Whitehead’s “The Underground Railroad,” and more.

HU410: Myth and Metamorphosis

Fall term: 1 credit

This course offers an in-depth examination of Greek and Roman mythology by way of such authors as Homer, Euripides, Virgil, and Ovid. Through close readings of individual myths, we will examine the religious, social, and literary significance of these stories within the cultures that produced them. Each myth will also be studied alongside later artistic and literary receptions, highlighting the enduring influence of these texts.

HU410: Poetry

Winter term: 1 credit

This course offers students a rich survey of poetry across literary movements, from the Renaissance to contemporary works. Students will engage in close reading, annotation, and discussion of poems by celebrated poets such as Shakespeare, Dickinson, Whitman, Hughes, and Eliot, exploring themes like identity, nature, love, and the human condition. The course emphasizes understanding of poetic devices, forms, and techniques. In addition to longer essays, students will practice timed writing and multiple-choice questions similar to the poetry section of the AP Literature exam. Regardless of whether students take that exam, by the end of the course, students will be prepared to analyze poetry with confidence and insight while fostering a lifelong appreciation for the power of verse.

HU410: Political Philosophy

Spring Term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course]

Political philosophy is the study of people in societies, focusing on the claims they have on each other in the form of rights and obligations and their demands for justice, equality and liberty. It is concerned with an analysis of the state and related institutions. This course studies questions about sovereignty (the power and authority assumed by the ruler) and political obligation (the duty and submission assumed by the ruled). Students will examine questions such as: Under which conditions can political obligation arise and what is its extent? Are freedom and equality compatible? What is justice — an idea, an ideal or simply a routine legal process? What connection is there between justice and law? What is a law? How are laws justified and are there aspects of human life that laws should not attempt to regulate? Should we always obey the law or are there conditions under which breaking the law is justifiable?

HU410: Reading and Writing Satire

Spring Term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course]

This course explores the genre of satire through a combination of reading and writing activities. Students read a wide variety of satire in order to appreciate different authors’ mastery of the craft, and then use these samples as models for crafting their own satirical pieces. Through critical reading and discussion, students gain a deeper understanding of satire as a form of social and political commentary. The course includes a weekly workshop component for offering feedback on student work, deep dives into identifying satirical narrative strategies and frequent writing exercises.

HU410: Religion & Ethics

Winter Term: 1 credit
Satisfies religion requirement

This course is a survey of religion as an important source of ethical analysis and moral decision-making. Students will engage the writing of ethicists of various religious traditions from Augustine, Aquinas, Bonhoeffer, Tillich and Niebuhr to Thich Nhat Hanh, Heschel and Townes. Students will be able to apply the ethical systems and writings to contemporary contexts and issues.

HU410: Sacred Literature & Ethics in Christianity

Fall, Winter and Spring Term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course]
Satisfies religion requirement

This course offers an introduction to the study of sacred literature, with a focus on selections from the New Testament and other non-canonical texts, and explores the ways that the authors of the New Testament, early Jesus followers and modern readers use scripture to explore theological and ethical questions. In this course, students will learn different methods for reading sacred literature and examine the ways that oral and written religious traditions develop and spread. Students will use their own imaginations to ponder the gaps in sacred narratives and practice using sacred literature to make theological and ethical arguments.

HU410: Sacred Literature & Ethics in Judaism

Fall, Winter and Spring Term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course[
Satisfies religion requirement

This course offers an introduction to the study of sacred literature, with a focus on selections from the Hebrew Bible and the Talmud, and explores the ways that the authors and early readers of the Hebrew Bible, early rabbinic traditions, and modern readers use scripture to explore theological and ethical questions. In this course, students will learn different methods for reading sacred literature, including source criticism, historical criticism, literary criticism and midrash. Students will be invited to examine the ways that oral and written religious traditions develop and spread and use their own imaginations to wonder about the gaps in sacred narratives. During class discussions, students will practice using sacred literature to make theological and ethical arguments.

HU410: Science, Philosophy and Religion

Winter Term: 1 credit

This course will investigate the relationships between science, philosophy and religion. Some questions to be addressed include: What makes science scientific, and what makes religion religious? Are science and religion in conflict? Are they mutually supporting? Can one be both an adherent to modern science and a person of faith? To what extent is belief in God rational and justifiable? What should we think when various religious traditions conflict? What should we think in the face of religious paradoxes such the Problem of Evil and the Problem of Free Will? In addressing these questions, the course teaches students how to use the tools of philosophy (e.g., logic and conceptual analysis) to address important questions in metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics.

HU410: The Vietnam War

Fall Term: 1 credit

This course will provide students with the opportunity to examine in great detail one of the most important world events of the last 60 years: the conflict in Vietnam. Specific topics such as the life of the “grunt” and turmoil on the homefront will be explored, as will larger questions about the nature of war itself in the second half of the 20th century. In an effort to answer questions about the war as it really was, versus that seen in popular literature and film, the class will consider a broad selection of media, as well as a variety of historical texts and essays. Documentaries and motion pictures to be studied include: “Hearts and Minds,” “The Hanoi Hilton,” “The Green Berets,” “Apocalypse Now,” “Platoon,” “Full Metal Jacket,” “Born on the 4th of July,” “Casualties of War” and others. Works read will include, but are not limited to, excerpts from: Philip Caputo’s “A Rumor of War,” Truong Nhu Tang’s “A Vietcong Memoir,” Tim O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried,” Robert Mason’s “Chickenhawk,” Michael Herr’s “Dispatches,” Stanley Karnow’s “Vietnam: A History,” and a selection of essays from the anthology “Major Problems in the History of the Vietnam War.”

HU410: World War II

Spring Term: 1 credit

This course employs an interdisciplinary approach to the study of World War II. Students will read and discuss works of literature, propaganda, memoir, historical analysis, poetry, film, oral history and other primary sources, in order to gain a stronger understanding of the causes of the war, the progression of the war on two major fronts, and important corollary elements of the war such as the Japanese-American internment in the United States and the Holocaust in Europe.The intent of the course is to examine the war through multiple lenses: political, cultural, military, economic and religious. Students will practice analytical writing, creative/personal narratives and research work.

HU410: Writing Beyond the Academic Essay

Fall Term: 1 credit

This course is designed to help young writers refine their prose by experimenting with nonfiction essay writing. Students will work over the course of the term reading various models of essay writing by professional writers and exploring their own voices to create clear, concise, engaging prose. For Sixth Formers, the course may generate good material for college essays, although this is not the goal of the course. Some of the various prose models students will examine and write themselves include sharing a narrative, illustrating an idea, explaining a process, comparing and contrasting, using definition and arguing persuasively. Throughout the term, students will learn ways to generate ideas, keep an active journal, help one another in regular in-class writing workshops and discover the value of the revision process.

LANGUAGES

Chinese Courses

CN110: Chinese 1

Full Year: 3 credits

This is a fundamental course for true beginners of Chinese. Students learn to express themselves and understand others by focusing on topics closely related to their daily life. The four tones and proper pronunciation are introduced through rhythmic verses in order to help students develop a natural ear and tongue for the language. The pedagogy, known as TPRS (Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling), serves as a backbone for both oral comprehension and reading skills. Students also practice characters daily and in doing so build up a strong foundation for the Chinese writing system. In addition, students will engage in reading novice-level classic Chinese stories while also creating their own digital picture books.

CN210: Chinese 2

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Chinese 1

This course builds on concepts introduced in Chinese 1. Using increasingly complex vocabulary and sentence structures, students learn to formulate and respond to questions, provide descriptions and develop narrations. Students read and write short compositions on a weekly basis. Cultural aspects of the language are emphasized through projects and other media. Students are expected to practice a combination of typing and writing characters regularly as a supplement to intensive handwritten character writing.

CN260: Chinese 2 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Chinese 1

This course is designed for students who have a solid mastery of the grammar and vocabulary covered in Chinese 1. Students will continue to build essential vocabulary in order to read and write level-appropriate passages, develop speaking skills and become acquainted with aspects of Chinese culture and society. In addition, the study of syntax is quite intense in this class and students are expected to express themselves with grammatical precision. Homework, essays and chapter tests are mostly handwritten. By the end of the course, students are well out of the beginner level.

CN310: Chinese 3

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Chinese 2

This course builds on Chinese 2. Students have regular opportunities for meaningful communication by using more complex structures, vocabulary and idiomatic expressions. The focus of the course is to combine and expand elements previously learned to enable students to express themselves more accurately through a story-based approach. Students are expected to discuss readings and re-write stories in written assessments. Cultural aspects of the language are also emphasized. Multimedia aids are used. Students are expected to type their essays regularly, in supplement to intensive handwritten character writing.

CN360: Chinese 3 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Chinese 2

This course is designed for students who have a thorough mastery of the grammatical structures and vocabulary covered in the second year. Students learn to state their own opinions in longer speeches using more complex structures and vocabulary. Reading skills continue to be developed using a variety of stories. Students should expect to complete oral and written assessments regularly according to the content of the stories.

CN410: Chinese 4

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Chinese 3

This course pays special attention to developing students’ oral and listening competence. Students read more extensively on various topics in the form of short stories and other literary pieces. Idiomatic expressions are introduced through reading literary selections. Students are expected to write regularly. Cultural aspects of the language are emphasized through focused term research projects. Multimedia aids are used on a regular basis. Students are expected to type their essays, in supplement to intensive handwritten character writing.

 

CN460: Chinese 4 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Chinese 3 Honors

This immersive course is dedicated to cultivating oral proficiency and listening skills through a comprehensive program encompassing vocabulary, communication, listening exercises, readings and group discussions revolving around a diverse range of themes. Students engage with extensive literary works across various media formats, such as newspaper articles, short stories and other literary pieces, introducing them to idiomatic expressions through selected literary works. The course also stimulates students’ creativity through the completion of multimedia projects, including posters, videos and oral presentations. The integration of multimedia resources further reinforces students’ learning experiences. The ultimate objective of the course is to elevate students beyond the intermediate level, fostering their mastery of the language.

CN560: Chinese 5 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Chinese 4 Honors

This course, designed for more advanced students, further develops overall Chinese language proficiency and knowledge of Chinese culture through movies, discussion, and extensive reading of various texts, including materials from newspapers, magazines and other authentic documents. Students master advanced-level language structures, expressive styles, and conventions of communication through topics reflecting multiple aspects of Chinese society and culture and the use of various authentic multimedia materials in different linguistic registers. Students in Chinese 5 Honors are prepared to take the AP exam.

CN580: Chinese Seminar

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Chinese 5 Honors

This course is designed for advanced students who have completed Chinese 5 Honors. The focus is on reading, class discussion and writing. The materials for this course are chosen mostly from modern literary writings, but classical literary pieces are introduced as well.

French Courses

FR110: French 1

Full Year: 3 credits

This course offers students an introduction to the language and culture of contemporary French-speaking countries. Grammar, vocabulary and syntax are studied using a film-based textbook with simple dialogues and oral and written drills to build conversational skills. Work in the Language Center reinforces the development of listening and speaking. The class is conducted mostly in French.

FR210: French 2

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: French 1

This course is the continuation of French 1. The basic study of grammar is completed, and reading selections and writing exercises of increasing complexity help students work on their language and conversational skills. The cultural component of this course gives students an understanding of the diversity of France and the Francophone world today.

FR260: French 2 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: French 1 Honors

This course continues and consolidates the study of grammar established in French 1 Honors. Readings of increasing difficulty are introduced as the basis for expanded oral and written work through task-oriented and creative writing techniques. Texts studied represent a broad spectrum of cultures and ideas across Francophone societies.

FR310: French 3

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: French 2 or French 2 Honors

In this course, emphasis is placed on refining students’ listening, speaking and writing skills along with a more complex study of grammatical structures. A variety of multimedia materials accompanies a textbook rich in readings and articles that widen the students’ knowledge about societal trends in the Francophone world. Short readings and one-act plays enrich the understanding of French, and they also provide the basis of discussion, performances and writing exercises in French.

FR360: French 3 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: French 2 Honors or permission of the Department Head.

Using texts and materials that address contemporary societal trends, this course focuses on learning more about and connecting with the Francophone world and its literature. Oral proficiency is emphasized, grammar is thoroughly reviewed, reading skills are honed and analytical essay writing techniques are introduced.

FR410: French 4

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: French 3

Cultural and historical Francophone themes are explored through literature, film and music. Critical reading skills continue to be developed using a variety of texts that include novels, short stories, plays and poetry. This course emphasizes analytical discussions, writing assignments and projects. Grammar continues to be reviewed with particular attention to its finer points.

FR460: French 4 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: French 3 Honors

Francophone cinema, literature and contemporary events serve as springboards for discussion as we delve into issues facing the 21st century French-speaking world. This course explores a wide array of traditions and styles of discourse. Oral and aural proficiency are refined in conjunction with rigorous grammar review. Writing and reading skills are broadened across all genres.

FR510: French 5

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite:  French 4

This course is taught in the same manner as French 4. Students continue to strengthen their reading, writing, listening/understanding and speaking skills. Francophone culture and history provide the context for in-depth discussions and writing assignments on literary works, films and news media.

FR580: French Seminar

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: French 4 Honors

This course offers a survey of French literature. During the Fall and Winter Terms, students read French literary classics, beginning in the Middle Ages and focusing on one work per century. In spring they study novels from the contemporary Francophone world. The students also view French language films at home and draw connections with the readings. Class discussions focus primarily on close readings and assess the works within their historical and literary contexts. The writings and films additionally serve as springboards for thinking through social constructs and theoretical concepts such as race, gender, sexuality and intersectionality. The students improve their writing skills through frequent short writing assignments and in-class essays. Leading discussions and delivering presentations allows them to fine-tune their speaking abilities.

German Courses

GE110: German 1

Full Year: 3 credits

This course offers students an introduction to the language and culture of contemporary German-speaking countries. Grammar, vocabulary and syntax are studied through oral and written drills and through simple conversations. Work in the Language Center reinforces the development of listening and speaking skills. The class is conducted in German from the beginning.

GE210: German 2

Full year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: German I

This course is a continuation of German 1 and is taught in the same manner. The basic study of grammar is completed, and readings of increasing difficulty are introduced as the basis for expanded oral and written work. By the end of the course, students are able to use workable, basic German in normal situations they encounter and are able to enjoy works written in simple German.

GE260: German 2 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: German 1 and permission of the Department Head.

This course is a continuation of German 1 and is taught in the same manner. The basic study of grammar is completed and readings of increasing difficulty are introduced as the basis for expanded oral and written work. The course includes an introduction to German history, literature, film and cultural topics through the German language. By the end of the course, students are able to use workable basic German in normal situations they encounter and are able to enjoy works written in simple German.

GE310: German 3

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: German 2

This is a multifaceted course, designed to introduce students to German culture through literature, history, contemporary politics, music and popular culture. Materials used include shorter literary works such as short stories, novellas, plays and poetry, as well as film and a variety of news media. Proficiency and grammatical accuracy continue to be emphasized through written and oral exercises.

GE360: German 3 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: German 2 Honors and permission of the Department Head.

This is a multifaceted course, designed to introduce students to German culture through literature, history, contemporary politics, music and popular culture. Materials used include shorter literary works such as short stories, novellas, plays and poetry, as well as film and a variety of news media. Proficiency and grammatical accuracy continue to be emphasized through written and oral exercises.

GE410: German 4

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: German 3

Issues and themes of cultural and historical relevance are explored through literature, film and current events. Critical reading skills continue to be developed using a variety of texts, which include plays, lyric poetry, fiction and news articles. The course emphasizes discussion, analytical papers and projects. Grammar continues to be reviewed with particular attention to its finer points and the use of idioms.

GE460: German 4 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: German 3 Honors

Issues and themes of cultural and historical relevance are explored through literature, film and current events. Critical reading skills continue to be developed using a variety of texts, which include plays, lyric poetry, fiction and news articles. The course emphasizes discussion, analytical papers and projects. Grammar continues to be reviewed with particular attention to its finer points and the use of idioms.

GE560: German 5 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: German 4 Honors

This course is a continuation of German 4 Honors and is taught in the same manner. Students continue to strengthen their four language skills of reading, writing, listening/understanding and speaking. German culture and history provide the context for in-depth discussions and writing assignments on literary works, film and news media.

GE580: German Seminar

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: German 5 Honors

This course is designed for advanced students who have completed German 5 Honors. Current events focusing on German-speaking countries, lyric poetry, longer literary works and German film provide the basis for discussions and writing assignments. Reading, writing, listening/understanding and speaking skills continue to be refined based on the needs of the students.

Greek/Latin Courses

GR110: Greek 1

Full Year: 3 credits

This course provides an introduction to Attic Greek forms, vocabulary and grammar, employing readings of graduated difficulty. Students also learn the history of Greek civilization and culture, Greek mythology and aspects of daily life in ancient Greece.

GR210: Greek 2

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Greek 1

This course begins with a review of Greek grammar, then introduces more complex verb forms and dependent clauses using the subjunctive and optative moods. Students learn the history of the classical period, including the Athenian Empire and the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. Toward the end of the course, students encounter readings from prose authors such as Herodotus, Xenophon, Lysias and Lucian.

GR360: Greek 3 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Greek 2 Honors

In the Fall Term this course concludes the introduction to Greek prose with extended readings from texts such as Plato’s dialogues and Thucydides’ “History of the Peloponnesian War.” In the Winter and Spring Terms students are introduced to Greek poetry through selections from Homer’s “Iliad” and “Odyssey,” the lyric poets, or Athenian tragedy and comedy.

GR460: Greek 4 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Greek 3 Honors

This advanced-reading course provides a survey of the rise and fall of Athenian democracy through extended readings from the historians Herodotus and Thucydides, the philosophers Plato and Aristotle, and Greek tragedy and comedy.

LT110: Latin 1

Full Year: 3 credits

This course provides an introduction to the Latin language and syntax. Graduated readings in Latin explore events in the life of a typical Roman household while also teaching vocabulary, forms and grammatical constructions. Students also gain an overview of classical mythology, Roman history, daily life and the geography of the ancient world.

LT210: Latin 2

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Latin 1

This course begins with a review of material from Latin 1. Students learn more advanced grammatical concepts such as purpose and result clauses, conditional sentences and other uses of the subjunctive and gerunds and gerundives. Students continue to develop reading proficiency via textual narrative. Students also examine pertinent cultural and historical topics.

LT260: Latin 2 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Latin 1

This course offers an accelerated approach to the language. Emphasis is placed on advanced syntax, including uses of the subjunctive, uses of the cases of nouns and techniques for translation and reading comprehension. Students study a wide variety of cultural, historical and linguistic topics. Toward the end of the course, students encounter readings from authors such as Caesar, Catullus, Petronius, Pliny and Martial.

LT310: Latin 3

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Latin 2

This course begins with a brief review of grammar and syntax learned in the previous two years. Students continue to reinforce grammatical concepts and improve their Latin-to-English translation as they read graduated selections from adapted texts by prose authors such as Eutropius, Livy, Nepos and Caesar. Emphasis is placed on improving sight translation and reading comprehension. Readings also introduce students to major figures, events and cultural topics from the legends of early Rome and the history of the Roman Republic.

LT360: Latin 3 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Latin 2 Honors

This course offers a rapid review of the fundamentals of grammar combined with accelerated readings from a selection of Latin prose authors such as Caesar, Livy and Cicero. Through these readings students trace Rome’s development from city-state to world empire and the concomitant evolution of the constitution from the Monarchy through the Republic to the Principate.

LT410: Latin 4

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Latin 3

This is a reading-based course focused on selections from the poetry of Catullus, Virgil and Ovid. Formal review of advanced grammatical concepts will be provided as necessary. The course provides students with an opportunity to analyze Roman texts as they improve their reading comprehension and sight translation skills. Various cultural and historical projects may include studies of Roman poetry, mythology and love in the Roman world, and the reception of the works read in later artists and authors.

LT470: Latin 4 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Latin 3 Honors

This is a reading-based course focused on the historical development and aesthetic principles of Roman poetry. Selections from Catullus, Virgil, Horace and Ovid provide the basis for class discussions. In addition to poetic scansion and literary devices, students will explore the social, cultural and political context of these authors.

LT580: Latin Seminar

Full Year: 3 Credits

Prerequisite: Latin 4 Honors

This course introduces students to the comic literature of ancient Rome through advanced readings chosen from comedy, satire, invective and the novel and culminates in the production of a play in Latin. Authors read may include Plautus, Terence, Cicero, Horace, Petronius, Seneca and Apuleius. Students also consult models from Greek literature in English translation and modern plays and films inspired by Roman originals.

Spanish Courses

SP110: Spanish 1

Full Year: 3 credits

This course offers an introduction to the language and culture of Spanish-speaking countries. Grammar, syntax and vocabulary are studied through oral and written drills, reading short stories and through simple conversations. Work in the Language Center reinforces the development of listening and speaking skills. The class is conducted mostly in Spanish.

SP160: Spanish 1 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Permission of the Department Head.

This course offers a thorough, rapid review of basic Spanish grammar followed by a continuation of intensive grammar and vocabulary studies. Exercises and drills, conducted both in class and in the Language Center, are an integral part of the course. A series of short videos reinforces listening skills and provides a context for dialogues in order to strengthen speaking skills. The course introduces students to the literature and culture of Spanish-speaking countries through a study of short literary selections and articles.

SP210: Spanish 2

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Spanish 1

This course is a continuation of Spanish 1. A study of basic vocabulary and grammar is completed by the end of the year, and there is greater emphasis on cultural readings and perspectives. Students further develop communication skills and are able to use basic Spanish in varied situations.

 

SP260: Spanish 2 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Spanish 1 Honors and teacher’s recommendation or permission of the Department Head.

This intensive course offers a challenging and thorough review of all fundamental Spanish grammar. Advanced vocabulary and grammatical structures are introduced, increasing students’ capacity for both oral and written proficiency. The course includes adapted selections of Hispanic literature, frequent compositions and required oral participation.The class is conducted in Spanish.

SP310: Spanish 3

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Spanish 2

This course is designed to strengthen speaking, listening, reading and writing skills. During the year, students solidify previously studied grammar and vocabulary and further develop communication skills. Students read and discuss short stories and poems that reflect cultural elements of Spanish-speaking countries.

SP360: Spanish 3 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Spanish 2 Honors and teacher’s recommendation or permission of the Department Head.

Students in this course are expected to develop a high level of proficiency in Spanish as we emphasize reading, writing, speaking and listening skills. Students read short stories, poems, essays and articles of major Hispanic authors. Students participate in daily discussions of the literature that include the cultural, social and political contexts of these works. Compositions are assigned regularly. The course also includes an intensive and fast-paced review of Spanish grammar. Proficiency and grammatical accuracy continue to be emphasized through written and oral exercises. The class is conducted in Spanish.

SP410: Spanish 4

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Spanish 3

In this sequence of classes, students explore themes of cultural and historical importance through literature, film and current events. Students are exposed to a diversity of voices and continue to develop reading skills by reading a variety of texts, including poetry, fiction and news articles. In addition, students review and strengthen their reading, writing, listening and conversational skills. Students are expected to participate actively in discussions of literature and culture.

SP460: Spanish 4 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Spanish 3 Honors

In this class students expand their active knowledge of Spanish through the study of literature, film and other media. In the fall we discuss a series of plays; the winter is devoted to short stories; and in the spring, we read poetry and essays. Each term also includes a film. Assessments include expository and creative writing in Spanish, frequent quizzes on class materials and the performance of spoken exercises. No English is used in the classroom. While occasional grammar review is provided, students are expected to improve their Spanish by constant exposure to and use of the language. The class also includes occasional discussion of strategies for language learning.

SP510: Spanish 5

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Spanish 4

In this course students continue to explore Latin American culture and history through current events, texts and film. Students are expected to participate actively in discussions in order to continue to strengthen their communication skills. In addition, students further hone their writing skills through weekly compositions.

SP580: Spanish Seminar 1

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Spanish 4 Honors

In this course students use literature, film and other media to strengthen their active use of idiomatic language, a broad vocabulary and complex sentences. The bulk of class time is dedicated to the close analysis of literary works, although we also discuss historical events, films, visual arts, music and contemporary politics and society. Topics and materials date from medieval Iberia and colonial Latin America to the contemporary Spanish-speaking world.

SP590: Spanish Seminar 2

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Spanish Seminar 1

Seminar 1 and 2 constitute a two-year cycle. Because very few students take both seminars, the structure of the class is the same. Thus, the description of Seminar 1 applies equally to Seminar 2. However, because some students do take both seminars, the selection of readings and other materials is different.

MATHEMATICS

MA100: Algebra 1

Full Year: 3 credits

This course provides students with a solid foundation in their study of mathematics. The course begins with the study of signed numbers, fractions and operations with literal expressions. We study linear equations, systems of equations and inequalities. We also consider polynomials, factoring, rational expressions, fractional equations, quadratic equations and radical expressions. Throughout, applications to problem solving are discussed as a transition into geometry and second-year algebra.

MA110: Geometry

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Algebra 1

This course in Euclidean Geometry develops a logical and rigorous mathematical system based on definitions, postulates and theorems. Deductive proof is the backbone of the course, which includes properties of parallel lines, triangle congruence and similarity, polygons, circles, area and volume. Additional topics include right-triangle trigonometry and coordinate geometry. Computer applications are utilized to enhance understanding of geometric topics. Concepts from Algebra 1 are reinforced throughout the course.

MA210: Algebra 2

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Algebra 1

Students extend their knowledge of the methods, skills and concepts introduced in Algebra 1. The focus is on equations and functions: polynomial, radical, exponential, logarithmic and rational. Additional topics include conic sections and modeling. Analytic techniques are emphasized. Students are also instructed in the use of calculators to graph and analyze functions.

MA250: Algebra 2 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Algebra 1 and permission of the Department Head.

This is a rigorous course intended for students of demonstrated ability who have the desire and capability to learn and work independently and to think creatively. The entire content of Algebra 2 is studied in greater depth, with an emphasis on problem-solving, discovery and critical thinking. Additionally, the course includes the study of matrices, graphing techniques, linear programming and systems of nonlinear equations. The graphing software Desmos is used for graphical exploration, confirmation and analysis.

MA300: Foundations in Precalculus

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Algebra 2 or Algebra 2 Honors.

This course leverages concepts learned in Algebra 2 and extends students’ prior knowledge of algebraic and geometric methods, skills and concepts in preparation for the study of calculus. Care is given to identify and remedy areas of past difficulty for students. Topics include trigonometry, sequences and series, counting and probability, and exponential and logarithmic functions. Graphing technology is used throughout the course to enhance student understanding of mathematical concepts. Real-world applications illustrate and reinforce mathematical ideas.

MA310: Beyond a Doubt – Mathematical Arguments

Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Algebra 2 or Algebra 2 Honors

In many mathematics courses, a specific procedure or approach is used to compute an answer. But how do you know it is true? This course explores how mathematics, at its core, is built upon written arguments shown to be true. Starting with sets, logic and counting, students think critically about mathematics by observing a pattern, finding out it is true and convincing others of its validity. We read carefully constructed arguments and learn how to make our own, exploring mathematical structure in other courses. Techniques such as direct proof, contrapositive proof and proof by contradiction are used to construct theorems, verify mathematical results that are taken for granted and make new discoveries within the class community. Additional topics in set theory and number theory may be explored according to students’ interests and individual backgrounds.

MA310: Game Theory

Winter Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Algebra 2 or Algebra 2 Honors

This course serves as an introduction to game theory and its application in real-world problem-solving. Game theory is a branch of mathematics that studies strategic interactions and has proved useful for explaining cooperation and conflict in a wide variety of situations in economics and the social sciences. Examples of applications include auctions, arms races, political competition for votes and chess. In this course, students will explore fundamental topics and groundbreaking results in game theory, including the matching problem, Arrow’s theorem, strategic games, the prisoner’s dilemma and Nash equilibrium. Moreover, the course offers a broader perspective on mathematics and the science of strategy, teaching students to approach real-world problems through a mathematical lens and design theory-informed solutions. This course aims to provide a glimpse into the world of research, emphasizing the practical applications of mathematical principles.

MA310: Precalculus

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Grade of at least High Pass in Algebra 2 or Algebra 2 Honors or permission of the Department Head

This course strengthens students’ understanding of previously learned topics in algebra and geometry and introduces new concepts needed for the study of calculus. Topics include trigonometry and its applications, sequences, series, limits and an introduction to differentiation. Graphing technology is used throughout the course to enhance student understanding of mathematical concepts. Real-world applications illustrate and reinforce mathematical ideas.

MA350: Precalculus Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Grade of at least Honors in Algebra 2 Honors or permission of the Department Head

This is a rigorous course intended for students of demonstrated ability who have the desire and capability to learn and work independently and to think creatively. Students pursue a comprehensive study of the content of precalculus in greater depth. Additionally, the course includes topics in advanced algebra, mathematical induction, vectors, polar and parametric equations, limits of functions and rates of change. This material provides a strong preparation for calculus. Mathematical dexterity is a focus, particularly in the writing of proofs and creative problem-solving. Applications are used throughout to illustrate concepts.

MA410: Calculus 1

Full Year: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Foundations in Precalculus, Precalculus or Precalculus Honors

This course provides students with an intuitive approach to the fundamentals of differential calculus. Students explore limits, leading to the definition of derivative. The concepts of average and instantaneous rate of change are investigated. We develop the rules of differentiation, including the chain rule and implicit differentiation, and apply them to problems in optimization, related rates and curve sketching. We expand upon the differential calculus to introduce the concepts of finding area under a curve, the integral regarded as the antiderivative and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Students learn multiple techniques for integration, including substitution. Definite and indefinite integrals are used to explore applications such as distance, area and volumes of solids of revolution.

MA410: Statistics

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Foundations in Precalculus. Precalculus or permission of the Department Head

Statistics is the science and art of learning from data to model, predict and understand those processes that generate variation in our world. We find statistics everywhere in daily life, from climate change and presidential polls to sports and the development of new medicines. In this yearlong course, students are exposed to several broad conceptual themes: Describing Distributions (summary statistics and visualizations), Modeling Variation (building and evaluating predictive models) and Statistical Inference (estimating population parameters and testing hypotheses). Students will use data analysis software to model statistical problems and apply their knowledge to multiple, data-driven projects throughout the year.

MA450: Statistics Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Grade of at least High Honors in Precalculus, at least Honors in Precalculus Honors or permission of the Department Head

This is a rigorous course for students of demonstrated ability who have the desire and capability to learn and work independently and to think creatively. The entire content of Statistics will be covered in greater depth. In this Honors course, students learn about four broad conceptual themes: Exploring Data (describing patterns and departures from patterns), Sampling and Experimentation (planning and conducting a study), Anticipating Patterns (exploring random phenomena using probability and simulation) and Statistical Inference (estimating population parameters and testing hypotheses). Students participate in several projects to analyze current issues. To develop effective statistical communication skills, students are required to prepare frequent written and oral analyses of real data. Statistics Honors is the high school equivalent of an introductory college statistics course and at its conclusion, students are prepared to take the Advanced Placement exam in May. This course also prepares students for further study of statistics in science, economics, sociology, psychology, medicine, math, engineering, political science, geography, business, education and more.

MA450: Calculus 1 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Grade of at least High Honors in Precalculus, at least Honors in Precalculus Honors or permission of the Department Head

This course is suitable for those students with demonstrated ability and interest in mathematics. A solid working knowledge of algebra, geometry and precalculus is necessary. The course builds a solid conceptual understanding of calculus with an introduction to the underlying proofs. Topics include limits, continuity and differentiation techniques of both algebraic and transcendental functions. Antidifferentiation and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus are introduced. Techniques include integration by substitution, integration by parts and trigonometric substitutions. Applications of differentiation and integration are explored. Students who successfully complete this course are prepared to take the AB level of the Advanced Placement examination in calculus in May.

MA460: Calculus 2 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Grade of at least Honors in Calculus 1 Honors or permission of the Department Head 

This course is a continuation of the study of calculus begun in Calculus 1 Honors. Students extend their techniques of integration, solve first order separable differential equations and learn how to calculate arc length and surface area. Connections between calculus and other disciplines are studied while also extending differentiation and integration techniques to polar and parametric functions. An in-depth study of sequences and series includes various tests for convergence and representation of well-known functions expressed as Taylor and Maclaurin series. Students who successfully complete this course are prepared to take the BC level of the Advanced Placement examination in calculus in May.

M480: Calculus 1–2 Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Grade of at least High Honors in Precalculus Honors

This course is designed for the highly motivated mathematics student. Students develop a rigorous, comprehensive study of the concepts and techniques of calculus through a study of theorems, their proofs and applications. Topics include limits, continuity and differentiation techniques, applications of differentiation and an introduction to antidifferentiation. Applications of differentiation include solving optimization problems and related-rate problems, curve sketching and the relationships among position, velocity and acceleration. Techniques include integration by parts, trigonometric substitutions and partial fractions. Applications of integration include area, volumes, arc length and distance. Solutions of simple differential equations are obtained analytically and using slope fields and Euler’s method. An in-depth study of sequences and series includes various tests for convergence, and representation of well-known functions expressed as Taylor and MacLaurin series. Techniques of calculus are applied to parametric and polar equations. Students who successfully complete this course are prepared to take the BC level of the Advanced Placement examination in calculus in May.

MA570: Multivariable Calculus Honors

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Grade of at least Honors in Calculus 1-2 Honors or Calculus 2 Honors

Applications of mathematics in physical and social sciences, economics and statistics often involve multiple variables. This course extends the ideas of single-variable calculus to multivariable situations. Students learn to use vectors, partial derivatives and multiple integrals to solve complex, multi-concept problems. Students also investigate elements of mathematical reasoning to develop proof-writing skills. The use of mathematical graphing software is integrated throughout the course, along with the use of LaTeX to elevate the presentation of mathematical writing. The course concludes a study of vector calculus, beginning with two-dimensional vector calculus and Green’s Theorem, then expanding to three-dimensional vector calculus and culminating in The Divergence Theorem.

MA590: Mathematics Seminar Honors 1 and 2

Fall, Winter or Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Grade of at least Honors in Multivariable Calculus or permission of the Department Head

Mathematics Seminar Honors is designed to introduce students to post-calculus mathematics. The content of each term is independent of the content of previous terms, and depends on the interests of the faculty and students. Recent syllabi have included discrete mathematics, linear algebra and applications, number theory with cryptography and planetary motion. It is possible for qualified students to take this course for up to six terms.

THE SCIENCES

Physics/Astronomy Courses

PH110: Physics First

Full Year: 3 credits

Physics First is designed for all entering Third Form students and forms the first of a three-year foundation series. Students are encouraged to ask questions and create projects to seek answers while learning to work together in small groups, allowing for the free flow of creative ideas. Students explore the beauty and simplicity of the fundamental laws that explain our universe. Since experimentation is key to all science, great emphasis is placed on laboratory work. Throughout the course of the year students will study motion, forces, energy, momentum, coding, charges and light. The students will also explore physics concepts through the lens of environmental sustainability and diversity, equity, inclusion and justice (DEIJ).

In the Fall Term, students focus on scientific measurement, experimental design, kinematics and an introduction to Newton’s Laws. In the Winter Term the course continues with Newton’s Laws and progresses to the study of mechanical energy and momentum. Spring Term finds students venturing into the study of electromagnetic fields, electrical circuits, light and optics. The end of term assessments in Physics First include a term exam, a DEIJ poster project and a lab practical.

PH310: Physics

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Co-enrollement in Algebra 2 or Higher.

[This course is intended for students who matriculate to SPS after Third Form year and is not available to those who have completed Physics First.]

Students investigate the physical world using both traditional and computer-based data acquisition and analysis. This course introduces students to the major topic areas of physics, focusing on conceptual understanding and analytical problem-solving techniques. Laboratory explorations, performed in small groups, are used to reinforce topics introduced through discussion and problem work. Incorporating a more mathematical approach than Physics First, Physics begins with the study of mechanics, including uniform motion, Newton’s Laws, momentum, energy, circular motion and gravitation. This is followed by electrostatics, magnetism, DC circuits and magnetism. A working knowledge of algebra is assumed.

PH350: Honors Physics

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Co-enrollment in Precalculus or higher.

[This course is not available to students who have completed Physics First.]

Honors Physics is designed for students with strong math backgrounds who are seeking a deeper understanding of their physical world. Students will complete an accelerated introduction to Newtonian mechanics. Topics include linear and projectile motion, Newton’s Laws, energy, momentum, uniform circular motion, rotational dynamics, simple harmonic motion, and fluids. Laboratory exercises and classroom demonstrations are used throughout the course to solidify conceptualization and instill respect for data. Students who successfully complete this course are prepared to take the AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based exam in May.

PH410: Physics 2: Light and Optics

Fall Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Completion of a year-long physics course.

Students will investigate the phenomenon of light as both a particle and a wave. They will build on their previous understanding of the electromagnetic spectrum to examine topics including wave interference, diffraction and optics. Through hands-on inquiry experiences, data collection experiments and project-based learning, students will learn through a variety of teaching and learning techniques.

PH410: Physics 2: Fluid and Thermodynamics

Winter Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Completion of a year-long physics course.

Students will investigate the physics of fluids and heat. They will build on their previous understanding of waves and heat to examine topics including pressure-volume-temperature relationships in fluids, the laws of thermodynamics and the methods of heat transfer. Students will learn through a variety of teaching and learning techniques, including hands-on inquiry experiences, data collection experiments and project-based learning.

PH410: Physics 2: Subatomic, Quantum and Relativity

Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Completion of a year-long physics course.

Students will investigate a few of the branches of modern physics. They will build on their previous understanding of physics to examine the areas of subatomic physics, quantum physics and special and general relativity. Students will learn through a variety of teaching and learning techniques, including hands-on inquiry experiences, data collection experiments and project-based learning.

PH450: Advanced Physics 1

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Successful completion of Physics First, Physics or Honors Physics and enrollment in or completion of Calculus 1H or above

This course is suitable for those students with demonstrated ability and interest in physics and is a college-level course that first teaches the mathematical tools needed to study calculus-based physics and then builds on the concepts developed in a first-year physics course, going into greater depth and detail. We will study kinematics, forces, energy, momentum, rotational motion, universal gravitation and oscillatory motion. Laboratory exercises and classroom demonstrations are used throughout the course to solidify understanding and build problem-solving skills. Computer programs (such as Excel and Python) are used for data analysis, mathematical modeling and numerical integration. Students who successfully complete this course are prepared to take the Advanced Placement Physics C: Mechanics examination in May.

PH490: Advanced Physics 1–2

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Successful completion of Physics First, Physics or Honors Physics and enrollment and Calculus 1 Honors

This course is designed for the highly motivated physics student and is a college-level course that relies heavily on the use of calculus and builds on the concepts developed in a first-year physics course, going into greater depth and detail. We will study Newtonian mechanics, electricity and magnetism, waves and oscillations and, if time permits, a few topics in modern physics. Laboratory exercises and classroom demonstrations are used throughout the course to solidify conceptualization, build theoretical modeling skills, develop explanations, and instill respect for data. Computer programs (such as Excel and Python) are used for data analysis, mathematical modeling and numerical integration. Students develop writing skills to produce journal-quality lab reports. Students who successfully complete this course are prepared to take the AP Physics C: Mechanics and the AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism Advanced Placement examinations in May.

AS210: Introduction to Astronomy

Fall or Spring Term: 1 credit

This is a one-term course designed to give students an introduction to observational astronomy. In the classroom, the basic principles of astronomy are taught, including the layout of the heavens, a study of the solar system, a history of astronomy, the basic principles of telescopes, and an exploration of exoplanets. At the Hawley Observatory, students work independently at least one clear night a week learning the constellations and the phases of the moon and how to use a telescope to find objects that are invisible to the naked eye. Upon completion of this course, students are encouraged to take Stellar Astronomy and Galactic Astronomy.

AS310: Stellar Astronomy

Winter Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Introduction to Astronomy

This course builds upon the Introduction to Astronomy course and is focused upon the nature of stars in our universe as we know it. Students will study the makeup and activity of our Sun; how astronomers use spectra to determine the properties and components of stars; the evolution of low- and high-mass stars; and the spectacular stellar deaths of supernovae and black holes. Students also are encouraged to take Galactic Astronomy, though Stellar Astronomy is not a prerequisite.

AS310: Galactic Astronomy

Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Introduction to Astronomy

This course builds upon the Introduction to Astronomy course and is focused upon the nature of galaxies in our universe as we know it. Students will study the formation and structure of the Milky Way and other galaxies; how astronomers use observations across the electromagnetic spectrum to learn about galaxies; the evolution of large-scale structure, including as it relates to dark matter; and the birth and death of the universe, including the Big Bang and the effects of dark energy. Students also are encouraged to take Stellar Astronomy, though that is not a prerequisite for this course.

 

Chemistry Courses

CH210: Chemistry

Full Year: 3 credits

Chemistry is the second course in St. Paul’s three-year foundational science series. The core concepts of chemistry are introduced in lecture and class discussion and expanded through laboratory experiments. These concepts include the properties and structure of matter, chemical nomenclature, bonding, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, solutions, gases, acids and bases, oxidation-reduction, and chemistry’s connections to diversity, equity, inclusion, and environmental justice. Energy and thermochemistry is a thruline which connects topics across the terms as well as the other foundational science courses. In addition to these core topics, the course emphasizes laboratory techniques and skills as well as the methods of inquiry, research, and scientific writing. Students learn to observe, question, conduct research, carry out experiments using laboratory equipment and methods, problem-solve, develop models, draw conclusions, and analyze experimental error. This course is generally taken prior to taking Biology.

CH250: Honors Chemistry

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Co-enrollment in Algebra 2 Honors or higher and recommendation from Physics First teacher.

Honors Chemistry is the second course in the three-year foundational series. This course is an introductory chemistry course that will cover an expanded curriculum of Chemistry at a greater pace and depth than Chemistry CH210. Topics include properties of matter, bonding, chemical periodicity, stoichiometry, thermochemistry, kinetics, equilibria, acids and bases, and oxidation-reduction. The final grade in Honors Chemistry will consist of the daily work (assignments and lab reports), unit assessments, cumulative exams and a lab practical.

CH310: Clean Energy Revolution: Powering a Sustainable Future

Fall Term: 1 credit

We are living through a clean energy revolution. From battery electric vehicles charged by the wind and sun to the research and development of elusive technologies like nuclear fusion, the sources and uses of energy are changing fast. But what exactly is energy, how do we use it, what makes it ‘clean’ or ‘dirty,’ and how does this revolution relate to climate change? This course explores those energy technologies that have allowed human societies to flourish and those that will sustain societies into the future through an interdisciplinary and experiential approach. Using the campus as a living laboratory, students will explore common energy sources, including biofuels, hydroelectricity, solar photovoltaics, batteries, hydrogen and fuel cells. In addition, students will learn about the electricity grid and energy sources used for processes such as heating and transportation, including fossil fuel combustion, heat pumps and geothermal.

CH480: Advanced Chemistry

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Successful completion of a full year of Honors Chemistry with a grade of Honors Plus or better or of a full year of Chemistry with a grade of High Honors and permission of the chemistry teacher or Science Department Head

Intended for those students who desire a more challenging study of chemistry, this advanced course parallels that of a college chemistry course and prepares students for the Chemistry Advanced Placement Exam. The course builds on the concepts developed in Chemistry or Honors Chemistry, going into greater depth and detail. The course challenges students in the laboratory and emphasizes cooperative learning through problem-solving and laboratory investigations. The laboratory portion of Advanced Chemistry is designed to introduce students to the techniques used in analytical chemistry.

Areas of study in the Winter Term include kinetics, chemical equilibria, acid-base chemistry, and solubility equilibria. Students are expected to refine their analytical techniques in the laboratory.

Areas of study in the Spring Term include oxidation-reduction and thermochemistry. The Fall and Winter Terms are reviewed to assist students in preparing for the Chemistry Advanced Placement Exam. The year in Advanced Chemistry culminates in independent research projects on topics of the students’ choosing.

Biology Courses

BI310: Biology

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: One year of Physics and one year of Chemistry.

Biology is the third course in the three-year foundational series. Biology is designed to build on the students’ physics and chemistry knowledge base while developing an inquiring point of view toward living systems in the context of a changing environment. Laboratory experiments heighten and integrate events at the molecular, cellular, and population levels of organization. Specific topics include cell structure and function, biochemical mechanisms, genetics, evolution, systems, and ecology. Scientific thinking and communication are emphasized throughout the course.

BI350: Honors Biology

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: Honors Plus in Honors Chemistry or High Honors in Chemistry plus the recommendation from the current chemistry teacher, or permission from the Science Department Head

Honors Biology is the third course in a three-year foundational science series, building on students’ knowledge of physics and chemistry. This honors course examines topics with greater breadth and depth and at an accelerated pace relative to Biology (BI310). Students will explore living systems within a dynamic environment, developing an investigative mindset through hands-on laboratory experiments and other application-based coursework, and be challenged to think critically and engage with complex concepts. Course topics include cellular structure and function, biochemistry, genetics, evolution, and ecology. With a strong emphasis on scientific inquiry and effective communication, this course prepares students for advanced studies in the life sciences.

BI310: Evolutionary Biology

Fall Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: One year of Biology and one year of Chemistry.

Evolution is a fundamental component of our understanding of life, underlying all other concepts that we study in the life sciences. Students will explore the evidence that supports the process of both microevolution and microevolution and how these processes are impacted and observed in today’s society. The course will examine the historical context of evolution through the life of Charles Darwin and follow the science through an exploration of current scientists in the field. Students will apply these concepts to current examples of evolution in today’s world.

BI310: Topical Botany

Winter Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: One year of Chemistry or co-enrollment in Biology

This course offers students an introduction to botany, evolutionary biology and tropical ecology. Students will learn the basics of horticulture, aquaculture and hydroponics while working in a tropical greenhouse environment. Students will spend class time learning plant biology, anatomy and systematics. To implement this knowledge in a greenhouse environment, students will also learn about soil chemistry, photosynthesis and plant adaptation to a tropical environment. Throughout the term, students will learn horticultural concepts and apply this knowledge in a working greenhouse conducting open-ended labs. In addition, students will visit both commercial and research greenhouses to meet professionals and researchers. Upon completion of this class, students will have a deeper knowledge of botanical concepts, a working knowledge of how to maintain and propagate a wide variety of plants and applied skills in both hydroponics and aquaponics.

BI310: Embryology

Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Completed or co-enrolled in Biology

This course offers students an introduction to comparative embryology, the study of different embryos and developmental stages. In this course, students will learn the basic terminology of embryology while also observing and studying the developmental process in several invertebrate and vertebrate models. Students also will be introduced to the concept of how evolutionary changes in genes can affect phenotype, in turn resulting in certain similarities and differences of the developmental characters of embryos. In the integrated lab sections of this class, students will have hands-on opportunities to examine different stages of early embryonic development in both vertebrate (chick) and invertebrate (nematode) embryos. Students will compare and contrast the development of these embryos with human embryonic development and how each of these species are related evolutionarily. They also will learn about teratogens that affect human embryonic development. Upon completion of this class, students will have the basic toolkit to appreciate and understand how the development of one species can shed light on how it has evolved relative to development of other species.

BI450: Advanced Biology: Human Anatomy & Physiology

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisites: One year of Biology and one year of Chemistry

This is a full-year, upper-level Biology course designed to provide an understanding of the structure and function of the major human organ systems. Topics of study include neuroendocrine homeostatic control mechanisms and the musculo-skeletal, cardiorespiratory, digestive, immune, renal and reproductive systems. Disease states and adaptive physiological responses to stress, exercise and nutrient intake are considered throughout the course. Laboratory activities include microscopy, organ and cat dissections, case studies and evaluation of human physiological responses. Scientific thinking and communication are emphasized throughout the course.

BI450: Advanced Biology: Molecular Biology

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisites: One year of Biology and one year of Chemistry.

This is an upper-level Biology course designed to build a strong foundation in biochemistry and molecular biology upon which students apply their knowledge to trending areas in the field. Throughout the year, students master molecular laboratory techniques including micropipetting, aseptic technique, DNA purification, PCR, sequence analysis, cell culture and more.

During the Fall Term, students study topics including biochemistry, the origins of life and evolution, DNA replication and aging and cellular senescence. In the lab, students carry out an advanced study into the adaptive radiation of the bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens. The Winter Term dives into the Central Dogma of biology, DNA errors and repair and epigenetics. Students apply their knowledge and skills in a culminating unit exploring cancer in depth. In the lab, students have a unique opportunity to grow and experiment on human cancer cells. Finally, students are able to select the topics they are most interested in studying as a class in the Spring Term. Topics often include gene editing technologies (CRISPR), neurobiology and opioids, and infectious disease. Throughout the term, students continue to build their toolkit of molecular lab techniques including Western blotting, ELISA, qPCR and more.

Throughout the school year, students develop important skills, including reading and writing scientific journal articles, presenting in a formal scientific manner, breaking down molecular mechanisms and applying their content knowledge to novel situations.

BI450: Advanced Biology: Environmental Science

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: One year of Biology and one year of Chemistry

The course is centered on inquiry and project-driven learning using the St. Paul’s School campus as a “living lab.” The course focuses on key environmental linkages between our community and the world. Major topics across all course units include water, energy, transportation, food, health, habitat and biodiversity. The first unit question of the year asks, What is the meaning of an acre of SPS land in terms of these topics? Students also design and complete a year-long personal project on a topic and modality (e.g., podcast, video documentary, research paper, etc.) of their choice. Select skill development and learning goals of the course focus on quantitative measurement, modeling and analysis; error analysis; systems thinking; interdisciplinary analytical frameworks; mapping applications; community and practitioner interviews; library archive work; scientific research and communication; and project design, collaboration and work. Ultimately, the development and application of skills and knowledge will contribute to a sense of place among the SPS community, while serving students as future scholars, professionals and citizens of the world committed to the greater good.

BI450: Advanced Biology: Marine Biology

Full Year: 3 credits

Prerequisite: One year of Biology and one year of Chemistry

This year-long advanced science course investigates the fresh and saltwater ecology of the world’s watery biomes. During the Fall Term, using the natural resources of our campus, students will examine New Hampshire’s aquatic habitats by studying energy flow, nutrient cycling, pollution and ecosystem stability in our own lakes, ponds and streams. The Winter portion of this course examines the open ocean in all its vastness, depth and power. Creatures of the open ocean, including marine mammals and deep-sea inhabitants, will be at the heart of the term’s study. Mammalian diving physiology, sharks, skates and rays also will be an important part of our studies. During the Spring Term, our course examines the marine environments closer to shore, including coral reefs, mangroves, estuaries and rocky coastlines. Students will learn how to identify fish, study the interconnectedness of the sea and the land and investigate the complex relationships found in each of these biomes. Human influence and fisheries management will be major themes throughout the year. Students enrolled in Marine Biology will have the opportunity to participate in a multi-day field trip to MarineLab in Key Largo, Florida or The Island School in Eleuthera, Bahamas. Both trips include a hands-on study of coral reefs, mangroves and saltwater ecosystems along with an in-depth look at the sustainability of our natural aquatic resources.

Computer Science/Engineering Courses

SC210: Computational Programming With Python

Fall Term: 1 credit

This introductory course provides a foundation in computational thinking and programming using Python. Students will learn fundamental programming concepts such as variables, data types, control structures, functions and file handling. Through hands-on projects, students will apply these concepts to real-world applications, including automation, data processing and problem-solving. No prior programming experience is required.

SC210: Computer Programming Using Java

Fall Term: 1 credit

This course is the first course in a three-term sequence. We will explore the fundamentals of programming using Java. Topics covered will include loops, methods, strings, computer number systems, conditionals, logic gates and parameters. Students will solve a variety of problems through programming and written work. After students complete this course, they will be ready to take Computational Thinking.

SC210: Engineering Design

Fall Term: 1 credit

The Engineering Design class introduces students to the resources available in the Lindsay Center for Mathematics and Science’s Kwok Engineering Center. These resources will transform student ideas from the conceptual to the physical world. Students will learn about the engineering design process through the completion of three major projects and several smaller challenge projects. The final group project will challenge students to design an underwater ROV for competition in the school swimming pool. Students will learn and practice problem-brainstorming techniques and best practices for successful group work through these projects. The students will also learn how to use 3D printing, laser cutting and engraving and various hand and power tools to create their projects. The class will reference and use the MIT 2.0:0:7 Design and Manufacturing Course textbook.

SC210: USFIRST Robotics Engineering Team

Winter Term: 1 credit

Students in this class are part of the St. Paul’s School Team 1512 FIRST Robotics team. The objective of this course is to engage students in a challenging problem that allows them to put deterministic-design techniques into practice. Near the start of the Winter Term, the specifications for the international FIRST Robotics competition will be received and the team will begin researching the challenge. The remainder of the Winter Term will be spent brainstorming, designing, manufacturing and programming the team’s robot, “Big Red.” At the end of the Winter Term, “Big Red” will compete in various regional competitions to test the design and manufacturing solutions developed by the team. This course can be taken multiple times to broaden a student’s experience in solving problems using an engineering-design process. 

SC230: Engineering Projects

Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Engineering Design or USFIRST Robotics or by teacher approval

The Spring Term course allows students to work on large-scale engineering projects to further their understanding of the engineering design process. Students are asked to identify a project that meets the criteria for “Engineering a Better World.” Projects dealing with energy, the environment and adaptive technology are encouraged, but students are open to considering other challenges. In this engineering research course, students work in teams to design and develop an original solution to a valid open-ended technical problem by applying the engineering design process. Utilizing the activity-project-problem-based (APPB) teaching and learning pedagogy, students will perform research to choose, validate and justify a technical problem. After carefully defining the problem, individuals or teams of students will design, build and test their solution, ultimately presenting and defending their original solution to an outside review panel. They will continually hone their organizational, communication and interpersonal skills as well as their creative and problem-solving abilities and understanding of the design process.

SC310: Computational Thinking

Winter Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Computer Programming using Java or Computational Programming with Python or permission of the Science Department Head

We will explore the fundamentals of object-oriented programming using Java. Topics covered will include constructing classes, interfaces, inheritance, polymorphism, arrays and array lists. The course stresses the understanding of problem-solving in terms of algorithmic development. After completing this course, students will be ready to take Advanced Programming in Java.

SC310: Embedded Systems and IoT Applications

Winter Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Computer Programming using Java or Computational Programming with Python or permission of the Science Department Head

This course introduces students to embedded systems and the Internet of Things (IoT). Students will work with microcontrollers (such as ESP32 or Raspberry Pi Pico), sensors and actuators to build interactive and connected systems. The course covers hardware-software integration, IoT protocols and wireless communication, culminating in hands-on projects such as smart home automation and environmental monitoring.

SC310: Projects in Robotics and Computer Science

Fall and Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Computer Programming using Java or Computational Programming with Python or permission of the Science Department Head

This is an applied science course for students who, due to the independent nature of the course, are self-motivated and have a deep understanding of desktop programming and/or microcontroller programming. This self-directed course is project-oriented and driven solely by student interests; students will work at the advanced level on these types of projects. Building upon their previous coding and possibly physical computing experiences, students will design, build and write code for one or more projects of their choosing. These may be applications in desktop computing, autonomous robotics, physical computing, machine learning or other computer-related disciplines. Projects often will solve societal problems or fill a gap in some aspect of everyday living. While this is not an engineering class, computer aided design (CAD), 3D design, mechanical engineering, electronic circuit design and printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication may be employed in the student-directed projects. Collaborative team-building skills also will be developed. Students in this course will be expected to work independently throughout the term. Students will show off their finished projects to the SPS community at the end of the term.

SC410: Advanced Programming in Java

Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Computational Thinking

[This course is the third in a three-term sequence]

This course allows students to write and examine complex programs in multiple classes. Topics covered will include recursion, searching, sorting and Java GUI implementations. The course stresses understanding problem-solving in terms of efficient algorithmic development. Students will be prepared to take the Advanced Placement CS-A exam after completing this course.

SC410: Applied AI and Robotics

Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Embedded Systems and IoT Applications or Computational Thinking

This advanced course explores the intersection of artificial intelligence and robotics. Students will learn how AI techniques such as computer vision, machine learning and reinforcement learning can be integrated into robotic systems. Through hands-on projects, they will program robots to navigate environments, recognize objects and make intelligent decisions using AI algorithms.

SC410: Advanced Projects in Robotics and Computer Science

Fall and Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Physical Computing and Robotics or Computational Thinking.

This is an applied science course for students who, due to the independent nature of the course, are self-motivated and have a deep understanding of desktop programming and/or microcontroller programming. This self-directed course is project-oriented and driven solely by student interests; students will work at the advanced level on these types of projects. Building upon their previous coding and possibly physical computing experiences, students will design, build and write code for one or more projects of their own choosing. These may be applications in desktop computing, autonomous robotics, physical computing, machine learning or other computer-related disciplines. Projects will often solve societal problems or fill a gap in some aspect of everyday living. While this is not an engineering class, computer aided design (CAD), 3D design, mechanical engineering, electronic circuit design and printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication may be employed in the student-directed projects. Collaborative team-building skills also will be developed. Students in this course will be expected to work independently throughout the term. Students will show off their finished projects to the SPS community at the end of the term.

SC450: Advanced Computer Science: Mathematical Foundations in Computer Science

Fall Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Advanced Programming in Java, completion or co-enrolment in Calculus or permission from the Science Department Head.

This course explores the essential mathematical concepts that form the backbone of computer science. Students will delve into topics such as logic, set theory, combinatorics, graph theory and discrete probability. Through theoretical exploration and practical problem-solving, students will develop the mathematical reasoning skills necessary for algorithm design, cryptography, artificial intelligence and complexity analysis.

SC450: Advanced Computer Science: Data Structures and Algorithms

Winter Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Advanced Programming in Java, Advanced Computer Science: Mathematical Foundations Computer Science, completion or co-enrollment in Calculus or permission from the Science Department Head.

This course provides an in-depth study of data structures and algorithms, focusing on problem-solving, efficiency and optimization. Students will analyze different algorithmic paradigms, explore data structures used in software development and gain hands-on experience through coding challenges and projects. By the end of the course, students will be proficient in implementing and evaluating algorithms for real-world applications.

SC450: Advanced Computer Science: Introduction to Machine Learning

Spring Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Advanced Computer Science: Mathematical Foundations Computer Science, Advanced Computer Science: Data Structures and Algorithms, completion or co-enrollment in Calculus or permission from the Science Department Head.

This course introduces the fundamental principles of machine learning, including supervised and unsupervised learning, model evaluation and feature engineering. Students will explore various machine learning algorithms and gain hands-on experience with programming libraries such as Python’s Scikit-learn, TensorFlow and PyTorch. By the end of the course, students will be able to build, evaluate and optimize machine learning models.

Applied Science and Engineering Program

SC480: Applied Science and Engineering Seminar

Spring Term: 1 credit

This course is the first in the Applied Science and Engineering Program (ASEP). Students interested in ASEP should register for this course during the course-selection process in the spring of their Fourth Form year. During the Fall and Winter Terms of their Fifth Form year, students must complete the non-credit Applied Science and Engineering Prep Seminar. In addition, students must secure a summer externship before the end of the Winter Term of their Fifth Form year and must be selected by the Applied Science and Engineering Committee in order to enroll in this course.

Prerequisites depend on the type of externship:

  • BIOLOGY: Chemistry and either completion or current enrollment in Biology.
  • ENGINEERING: Conceptual Physics or Chemistry and at least one Engineering course.
  • COMPUTER SCIENCE: Conceptual Physics or Chemistry and at least one Computer Science or Artificial Intelligence course.
  • OTHERS: Prerequisites depend on field of interest (determined by the ASEP Director).

In the Applied Science and Engineering Program Seminar, students will work to prepare for their externships. They will complete a variety of projects throughout the Spring Term that will help them develop skills necessary for their summer externships. All students will complete research to become more familiar with the topics relevant to their summer experience. Biology students will learn a variety of molecular laboratory techniques as well as reading scientific journal articles provided by their labs. Engineering and Computer Science students will master a relevant programming language, develop machine shop and CAD techniques and learn a variety of relevant software, such as MATLAB. Students in other fields will be assigned relevant tasks in accordance with their field of interest. In addition, students learn important lessons about how to act in the lab environment and how to interact with colleagues in preparation for their summer experience.

 

SC490: Applied Science and Engineering Capstone

Fall Term: 1 credit

Prerequisite: Completion of the Applied Science and Engineering Program Seminar and an externship the summer between their Fifth and Sixth Form years [required for all students in the Applied Science and Engineering Program]

The Applied Science and Engineering Program experience culminates in a Sixth Form science capstone project based on the student’s externship research. Over the summer, students coordinate with their organization and their assigned St. Paul’s faculty mentor to determine a capstone project that is both rigorous and feasible. Students complete a capstone proposal that outlines their project before they return to school in the fall. Upon their return to campus, students carry out their capstone projects under the supervision of the Applied Science and Engineering faculty. Students present their progress at weekly lab meetings and receive feedback from program mentors and other students. Students share their summer and capstone research with the School community in the St. Paul’s Friday Night Lecture Series and write a final scientific journal article to be printed in the School’s Journal of Applied Science and Engineering.

INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

IS410: Art History: Renaissance to Modern Art

Winter Term: 1 credit

[Does not fulfill the arts graduation requirement.]

This course explores major European art historical movements from the Gothic through Impressionism and up to Modern Art. Taught in conjunction with the SPS gallery, students study the history and techniques of various artists through research, visual analysis and in-studio projects. A general unit will start with a full exploration of a period in the history of art followed by the creation of a work in the style of that era by employing historic materials and techniques. This offering is designed for those who have no experience or confidence in their artistic abilities, while at the same time allows students in advanced-level art courses to explore their work through new and different media. Projects include, but are not limited to, creating and painting with raw pigments using tempera, oil, and encaustic methods, preparation of board and canvas supports using Medieval and modern techniques, printmaking in both intaglio and lithography, and exploring oil painting by glazing and impasto methods. Historical analysis will be done by studying actual works of art, slide studies, online research and class discussions.

IS410: Curatorial Studies in Contemporary Art

Spring Term: 1 credit

[Does not fulfill the arts graduation requirement.]

Using the Crumpacker Gallery as a classroom, this course explores what is required for the collecting, handling, cataloging and exhibiting of art. Students will study contemporary art movements in the context of recent art history from the latter half of the 20th century. Movements studied include feminist art, conceptual art, performance art, diasporic art and the many facets of high- and low-brow art. Visits to nearby museums and galleries to view exhibits and to meet with gallery directors and curators are scheduled throughout the term. Students work in the gallery lab/studios to explore techniques of restoration and presentation. Emphasis is placed on building observational skills and visual analysis. The St. Paul’s Permanent Collection is an important resource and teaching tool in this course.

IS410: Food, Environment and Society

Spring Term: 1 credit

Food says something important about a society’s values, human flourishing and the health of the planet. In this course, students will investigate the modern Western diet from production through consumption, developing a robust understanding of food systems from the local to the global scale. Students will meet farmers and chefs, prepare and share food, and get their hands dirty in the campus’ community garden. The course traces the historical developments in agriculture and examines the science, culture, industry, crops, ingredients and cuisine that define a modern food system. In all of this, there is a focus on the particular impacts food has on the climate and human society and considers opportunities for positive action. The course draws on a variety of sources, from poetry to historical accounts to contemporary scientific literature. Through this all, students will consider what food says about society and ourselves — both historically and today — to answer the question: If we are what we eat, then what are we?

IS410: In Tune With Nature: A literary and Scientific Study of the Natural World

Spring Term: 1 credit
[NCAA English core course]

Prerequisite: Successful completion of, or current enrollment in, Biology or Honors Biology

This course will be a literary and scientific study of the natural world. Looking closely at the natural world around us, journaling about our own observations and conducting scientific field studies are the essentials of this course, as we read and discuss the work of a number of nature writers to help inspire our own writing and reflection. How can we learn to become more environmentally aware through our close observations, labwork, reading and discussions about nature? What makes celebrated nature writers and why are they such accomplished writers? How do we model that in our own writing? What changes could the SPS community make to become more self-sustaining? How do we become agents for change? Students will explore these and other questions.

IS410: The Science of Mindfulness and Meditative Practice

Winter Term: 1 credit

This interdisciplinary course explores the spiritual, psychological and medical aspects of mindfulness and meditation. The course includes research-based inquiry into case studies as well as the neurology behind the amazing benefits of mindfulness and meditation. Students will spend one day per week actually practicing. We will shift from mindfulness-based activities to guided and silent meditation from week to week. We will have up to two guest speakers from the psychosocial and medical fields. The major assessment occurs during the last two weeks of the course, when each student will present a case study in which subjects used mindfulness to overcome various spiritual, psychological and medical challenges. Students also will present, at mid-term, on a component of the human brain and its relationship to mindfulness and meditation. Ongoing assessment will include weekly journal entries, participation and student-led discussions.